Bursa sahil kesimlerinde mikroplastik kirliliğinin araştırılması
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2024
Yazarlar
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Yayıncı
Bursa Teknik Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccess
Özet
Günümüzde yaygın şekilde kullanılan plastiklerin parçalanması sonucu mikroplastik adı verilen parçacıklar oluşur. Mikroplastikler farklı taşınım yolları ile su ortamına kadar ulaşmaktadır. Su ortamına ulaşan mikroplastikler, ortamda bulunan canlılar tarafından tüketilmektedir. Böylece mikroplastikler besin ağına dahil olarak insan tüketimine kadar ulaşmaktadır. Bu sebeple, denizlerde mikroplastik kirliliğinin araştırılması önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Marmara Denizi'nin Bursa'ya kıyısı olan kesimlerinde mikroplastik kirliliğinin araştırılmasıdır. Çalışma kapsamında 5 istasyonda Ağustos 2022 ve Şubat 2023 tarihlerinde iki mevsimde deniz yüzey suyu ve su kolonu örneklemesi yapılmıştır. Ön işlemler sonrası stereo mikroskop kullanılarak ilk olarak şekil, renk ve boyut sınıflandırması yapılmış, daha sonra Fourier Dönüşümlü Kızılötesi Spektrofotometresi (FTIR) spektroskopi ile polimer türleri belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca örnek alınan her istasyonda deniz suyunun pH, sıcaklık, çözünmüş oksijen, tuzluluk, toplam çözünmüş katı madde, renk, askıda katı madde, amonyum azotu, nitrat azotu, toplam azot ve toplam fosfor miktarı gibi parametreler ölçülmüştür. Elde edilen verilen, mekansal ve mevsimsel olarak karşılaştırılmıştır. Numunelerin alındığı mevsimlere ve istasyonlara bağlı olarak mikroplastik miktarlarına ait veriler incelendiğinde istayonlarda 105 - 287 aralığında mikroplastik miktarına rastlandığı belirlenmiştir. Mevsimler arasında mikroplastik bolluğu karşılaştırıldığında, yazın kışa göre daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. En sık rastlanan mikroplastik tipinin ise mikroboncuk olduğu görülmüştür. Mikroplastiklerin polimer yapısını belirlemek için gerçekleştirilen FTIR analizlerinde, polietilen, polietilen tereftalat, polipropilen ve polivinil klorür polimer tipinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Mikroplastiklerin neden olduğu kirlilik son derece önemlidir bu yüzden kirlilik oluşmadan engellenmelidir. Bu doğrultuda içeriğinde plastik olmayan ürünlerin satışının desteklenmesi, kozmetik ürünlerinde kullanılan mikroboncukların kullanımının yasaklanması, tekstil ürünlerinin geliştirilmesi, çamaşır makineleri tahliyelerinde filtreler kullanılması, atıksu arıtma tesislerinin mikroplastik giderim verimlerinin arttırılması, iyileştirilmiş atık yönetimi oluşturulması ve uygulanması gibi önlemler alınmalıdır.
The widespread use of plastics today leads to the formation of tiny particles called microplastics when they break down. Microplastics reach water bodies through various pathways. Once in the aquatic environment, they are consumed by organisms thus entering the food chain and eventually reaching human consumption. Therefore, investigating microplastic pollution in oceans is crucial. The purpose of this study is to investigate microplastic pollution in the sections of the Sea of Marmara that border Bursa. Within the scope of the study, surface water and water column sampling were conducted at 5 stations during two seasons, in August 2022 and February 2023. After preliminary treatments, the samples were first classified by shape, color, and size using a stereo microscope, and then polymer types were identified using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Additionally, parameters such as pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity, total dissolved solids, color, suspended solids, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus of the seawater were measured at each sampling station. The obtained data were compared spatially and seasonally. Upon examining the data on the amounts of microplastics based on the seasons and stations from which the samples were taken, it was determined that the quantity of microplastics at the stations ranged from 105 to 287. When comparing the abundance of microplastics between seasons, it was found to be higher in summer than in winter. It was observed that microbeads were the most frequently encountered type of microplastic. In the FTIR analyses conducted to determine the polymer structure of the microplastics, it was identified that the polymer types included polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, and polyvinyl chloride. Pollution caused by microplastics is extremely important and should be prevented before it occurs. In this regard, measures such as promoting the sale of products that do not contain plastics, banning the use of microbeads in cosmetic products, developing textile products, using filters in washing machine outlets, increasing the efficiency of microplastic removal in wastewater treatment plants, and establishing and implementing improved waste management should be taken.
The widespread use of plastics today leads to the formation of tiny particles called microplastics when they break down. Microplastics reach water bodies through various pathways. Once in the aquatic environment, they are consumed by organisms thus entering the food chain and eventually reaching human consumption. Therefore, investigating microplastic pollution in oceans is crucial. The purpose of this study is to investigate microplastic pollution in the sections of the Sea of Marmara that border Bursa. Within the scope of the study, surface water and water column sampling were conducted at 5 stations during two seasons, in August 2022 and February 2023. After preliminary treatments, the samples were first classified by shape, color, and size using a stereo microscope, and then polymer types were identified using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Additionally, parameters such as pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity, total dissolved solids, color, suspended solids, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus of the seawater were measured at each sampling station. The obtained data were compared spatially and seasonally. Upon examining the data on the amounts of microplastics based on the seasons and stations from which the samples were taken, it was determined that the quantity of microplastics at the stations ranged from 105 to 287. When comparing the abundance of microplastics between seasons, it was found to be higher in summer than in winter. It was observed that microbeads were the most frequently encountered type of microplastic. In the FTIR analyses conducted to determine the polymer structure of the microplastics, it was identified that the polymer types included polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, and polyvinyl chloride. Pollution caused by microplastics is extremely important and should be prevented before it occurs. In this regard, measures such as promoting the sale of products that do not contain plastics, banning the use of microbeads in cosmetic products, developing textile products, using filters in washing machine outlets, increasing the efficiency of microplastic removal in wastewater treatment plants, and establishing and implementing improved waste management should be taken.
Açıklama
18.01.2025 tarihine kadar kullanımı yazar tarafından kısıtlanmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Marmara Sea, Mikroplastik, Mikroplastic, Mikroplastik kirliliği, Microplastic pollution, Su kirliliği, Water pollution, Marmara Denizi
