Alkali yüzey modifiye ahşap talaşı ile güçlendirilmiş polilaktik asit biyokompozitin özellikleri
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Bursa Teknik Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Son yıllarda çevre bilincindeki artış sebebiyle biyobozunur polimerlerin kullanımında ciddi bir artış olmuştur. Ayrıca polimer kompozitlerin geliştirilmesi amacıyla uğraşan araştırmacılar, bu malzemelerin çevreye verdikleri zararlı etkileri aza indirmek için halihazırdaki hammaddelerin daha bilinçli kullanılmasını sağlamak, ya da kullanılan hammadelerin geri dönüştürülmesi ve yeni madde kaynaklarının bulunmasını sağlamak açısından oldukça önemlidirler. Ülkemizde imalat üretimleri sonrasında odun talaşı endüstriyel atık olarak açığa çıkmaktadır. Odun lignoselülozik bir yapıya sahiptir ve bünyesinde fazlaca selüloz, hemiselüloz, lignin ve biraz da ekstraktif ve mineral maddeleri barındırmaktadır. İşletmelerden açığa çıkan bu atık odun talaşları da çevresel açıdan negatif aksiyonlu olmasının yanında, sanayi bakımından çeşit çeşit alanlarda değerlendirilmektedir ve bu durum önemlidir. Polilaktik asit (PLA), termoplastik özelliğe sahip olan biyobozunur bir polimerdir. Sentetik polimerlere benzemesine rağmen mekanik ve ısıl özelliklere sahip olan PLA, kırılgan olması ve düşük darbe dayanımına sahip olması kullanımında sınırlandırılmaya sebep olmaktadır. Tezin içeriğinde endüstriyel atık olan karaçam talaşı ile gürgen talaşı, sodyum hidroksit kimyasalı ile modifiye edilerek, yenilenebilir kaynaklardan meydana getirilen ve biyobozunur özellikteki PLA biyopolimerine takviye edilmesi sonucunda elde edilen özellikler incelenmiştir. Yapılan çalışmalar sonrasında biyokompozit numunelerin fiziksel özelliklerinin incelenmesi amacıyla yoğunluk, su alma oranı ve kalınlık artış oranları saat, hafta ve ay periyotlarında ölçülmüştür. Mekanik özelliklerinin incelenmesi amacıyla numuneler çekme ve eğilme direnci testlerine tabi tutulmuştur. Termal özelliklerine bakılması için termogravimetrik analiz ve harmanlanan malzemelerin birbiri arasındaki kimyasal etkileşimlerin özelliklerinin belirlenebilmesi amacıyla FTIR analizleri yapılmıştır. Fiziksel ve mekanik özellik açısından modifiye edilen çam (MÇ15), TGA analizine göre modifiye gürgen (MG15) ve çam odunu (Ç15) en iyi özellikleri sergilemişlerdir. Yapılan analizlerin hepsinde %15'lik muamele edilen çam numunesi anlamlı sonuçlar vermiştir. Genel anlamda çam odununun gürgen odunundan daha iyi performans gösterdiği bulunmuştur. PLA ve ahşap örnekleri FTIR spektrumu ile biyokompozit örnekleri FTIR spektrum piklerinde farklılıklar görülmüştür, bu durumun kompozit üretiminde, bileşenler arasında istenen etkileşim oluştuğunu göstermektedir.
In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the use of biodegradable polymers due to the increase in environmental awareness. In addition, researchers who are engaged in the development of polymer composites are very important in order to reduce the harmful effects of these materials on the environment, to ensure that the existing raw materials are used more consciously, or to recycle the used raw materials and to find new material sources. In our country, wood shavings are released as industrial waste after manufacturing production. Wood has a lignocellulosic structure and contains a lot of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and some extractive and mineral substances. These waste wood chips, which are released from the enterprises, are also used in various fields in terms of industry, in addition to having negative effects in terms of the environment, and this is important. PLA is a biodegradable polymer with thermoplastic properties. Although similar to synthetic polymers, PLA, which has mechanical and thermal properties, is brittle and has low impact resistance, which limits its use. In the content of the thesis, industrial waste larch sawdust and hornbeam sawdust were modified with sodium hydroxide chemical, and the properties obtained as a result of reinforcing the biodegradable PLA biopolymer, which is formed from renewable resources, were investigated. In order to examine the physical properties of the biocomposite samples after the studies, the density, water uptake rate and thickness increase rates were measured in hours, weeks and months. In order to examine their mechanical properties, the samples were subjected to tensile and bending strength tests. Thermogravimetric analysis to look at their thermal properties and FTIR analyzes to determine the properties of chemical interactions between the blended materials were carried out. The results obtained were supported and examined with figures and graphics. Pine modified (MÇ15) in terms of physical and mechanical properties showed the best properties. According to TGA analysis, modified hornbeam (MG15) and pine wood (Ç15) exhibited the best properties. In all analyzes, 15% treated pine sample gave significant results. Generally speaking, pine wood has been found to outperform hornbeam wood. Differences were observed in the FTIR spectrum of PLA and wood samples and in the FTIR spectrum peaks of biocomposite samples, indicating that the desired interaction between the components occurred in composite production.
In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the use of biodegradable polymers due to the increase in environmental awareness. In addition, researchers who are engaged in the development of polymer composites are very important in order to reduce the harmful effects of these materials on the environment, to ensure that the existing raw materials are used more consciously, or to recycle the used raw materials and to find new material sources. In our country, wood shavings are released as industrial waste after manufacturing production. Wood has a lignocellulosic structure and contains a lot of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and some extractive and mineral substances. These waste wood chips, which are released from the enterprises, are also used in various fields in terms of industry, in addition to having negative effects in terms of the environment, and this is important. PLA is a biodegradable polymer with thermoplastic properties. Although similar to synthetic polymers, PLA, which has mechanical and thermal properties, is brittle and has low impact resistance, which limits its use. In the content of the thesis, industrial waste larch sawdust and hornbeam sawdust were modified with sodium hydroxide chemical, and the properties obtained as a result of reinforcing the biodegradable PLA biopolymer, which is formed from renewable resources, were investigated. In order to examine the physical properties of the biocomposite samples after the studies, the density, water uptake rate and thickness increase rates were measured in hours, weeks and months. In order to examine their mechanical properties, the samples were subjected to tensile and bending strength tests. Thermogravimetric analysis to look at their thermal properties and FTIR analyzes to determine the properties of chemical interactions between the blended materials were carried out. The results obtained were supported and examined with figures and graphics. Pine modified (MÇ15) in terms of physical and mechanical properties showed the best properties. According to TGA analysis, modified hornbeam (MG15) and pine wood (Ç15) exhibited the best properties. In all analyzes, 15% treated pine sample gave significant results. Generally speaking, pine wood has been found to outperform hornbeam wood. Differences were observed in the FTIR spectrum of PLA and wood samples and in the FTIR spectrum peaks of biocomposite samples, indicating that the desired interaction between the components occurred in composite production.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Polimer Bilim ve Teknolojisi, Polymer Science and Technology
