Mor soğan kabuğu antioksidan ve fenolik bileşiklerinin ultrasound destekli ekstraksiyon koşullarının optimizasyonu
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Bursa Teknik Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışmanın amacı, mor soğan kabuğunun ekstraksiyonunun optimizasyon koşullarının belirlenmesidir. Mor soğan kabuğunun ekstraksiyonu için Desing-Expert programı kullanıldı. Mor soğan kabuğunun ekstraksiyonu için dört tane bağımsız değişken seçildi. Bu değişkenler sıvı-katı solvent oranı, alkol oranı, sıcaklık ve süre olarak belirlendi. Desing-Expert programı ile deney tasarımı oluşturuldu. Oluşturulan deney tasarımından 27 adet örnek çıkarıldı. Bu örneklere toplam fenolik madde miktarı analizi, toplam monomerik antosiyanin analizi ve betalein analizi yapıldı. 27 adet örneğe yapılan analizlerin sonuçları Desing-Expert programına tekrar girildi. Bu analiz sonuçlarından en iyi 3 adet çözüm örneği seçildi. Birinci seçilen çözüm örneğin ekstraksiyon koşulları; 105 dakika sürede, 57 sıvı-katı oranında, 40 ℃ sıcaklıkta ve 95 etanol konsantrasyonundadır. İkinci seçilen çözüm örneği; 110 dakika sürede, 60 sıvı-katı oranında, 54 ℃ sıcaklıkta ve 98 etanol konsantrasyonundadır. Üçüncü seçilen çözüm örneği; 100 dakika sürede, 55 sıvı-katı oranında, 60 ℃ sıcaklıkta ve 97 etanol konsantrasyonundadır. Desing-Expert programından seçilen 3 adet çözüm örneğine tekrardan toplam fenolik madde miktarı analizi, toplam monomerik antosiyanin analizi, betalein analizi yapıldı. Ayrıca bu analizler haricinde; kuru madde analizi, su aktivitesi analizi, su ve yağ tutma kapasitesi analizi, yığın yoğunluğu analizi ve carr indeksi analizleri de yapıldı. Çözüm örneklerine yapılan analizlerde toplam fenolik madde miktarı analiz değerleri 1084,6-1423,8 mg GAE/100 g aralığında bulundu. Toplam monomerik antosiyanin analiz değerleri 1346,7-2398,1 mg /kg aralığında bulundu. Betalein analizi değerleri 1001,84-1137,41 mg/kg aralığında bulundu. Renk analizi değerlerinde L değeri 11,32-14,76 aralığında, a değerleri 9,21-14,77 aralığında ve b değerleri 1,97-3,46 aralığında bulundu. Kuru madde miktarı analizi değerleri 89,46-98,82 aralığında bulundu. Su aktivitesi analizi değerleri 0,20-0,52 aralığında bulundu. Su ve yağ tutma kapasitesi analizi değerlerinde su tutma kapasitesi değerleri 0,40-0,64 aralığında ve yağ tutma kapasitesi analizi değerleri 0,99-1,31 aralığında bulundu. Yığın yoğunlığu analizi 0,09-0,23 g/mL aralığında bulundu. Carr indeksi değerleri 33,34-50,05 aralığında bulundu. Yapılan bu çalışmada Desing-Expert programı kullanılarak seçilen üç çözüm örneği içerisinden optimizasyon koşullarından en uygun değerleri veren çözüm örneği 105 dakika sürede, 57 sıvı-katı oranında, 40 ℃ sıcaklıkta ve 95 etanol konsantrasyonu seçilmiştir. Endüstriyel olarak soğan kabuğunun işlenmesi ve yapılacak çalışmalarda bu optimizasyon koşulu kullanılabilir.
The aim of this study is to determine the optimization conditions for the extraction of red onion skin. The Desing-Expert program was used for the extraction of red onion peel. Four independent variables were chosen for the extraction of red onion peel. These variables were determined as liquid-solid solvent ratio, alcohol ratio, temperature and time. Experiment design was created with the Design-Expert program. 27 samples were extracted from the experimental design created. Total phenolic content analysis, total monomeric anthocyanin analysis and betaine analysis were performed on these samples. The results of the analyzes performed on 27 samples were re-entered into the Design-Expert program. The best 3 solution samples were selected from these analysis results. The first selected solution, for example, extraction conditions; It is in 105 minutes, 57 liquid-floor, 40 ℃ and 95 ethanol concentration. The second chosen solution example; It is a concentration of 98 ethanol in 110 minutes, 60 liquid-floor, 54 ℃. The third chosen solution example; It is 100 minutes, 55 liquid-floor, 60 ℃ and a concentration of 97 ethanol. 3 solutions selected from the Desing-Expert program was re-analysis of the amount of phenolic matter, total monomeric anthocyanin analysis and betalein analysis was performed. In addition, except for these analyzes; Dry material analysis, water activity analysis, water and oil holding capacity analysis, stack density analysis and carr index analysis were also performed. Total amount of phenolic substance in the analysis of the solution examples analysis values were found in the range of 1084.6-1423.8 mg GAE/100 g. Total Monomeric anthocyanin analysis values were found in the range of 1346.7-2398.1 mg/kg. Betalein analysis values were found in the range of 1001.84-1137.41 mg/L. In color analysis values, the value L was found in the range of 11.32-14.76, the A values are between 9.21-14.77 and B values were found in the range of 1.97-3.46. Dried matter analysis values were found in the range of 89.46-98.82. Water activity analysis values were found in the range of 0.20-0.52. Water and oil holding capacity analysis values were found in the range of 0.40-0.64 and the oil holding capacity analysis values were found in the range of 0.99-1.31. Stack intensity analysis was found in the range of 0.09-0.23 g/ml. Carr index values were found in the range of 33.34-50.05. In this study, the solution sample that gives the most suitable values from the optimization conditions from the three solution conditions selected using the Desing-Expert program was selected in 105 minutes, 57 liquid-floor, 40 ℃ and 95 ethanol concentration was selected. This condition of optimization can be used in the processing of onion peel and studies.
The aim of this study is to determine the optimization conditions for the extraction of red onion skin. The Desing-Expert program was used for the extraction of red onion peel. Four independent variables were chosen for the extraction of red onion peel. These variables were determined as liquid-solid solvent ratio, alcohol ratio, temperature and time. Experiment design was created with the Design-Expert program. 27 samples were extracted from the experimental design created. Total phenolic content analysis, total monomeric anthocyanin analysis and betaine analysis were performed on these samples. The results of the analyzes performed on 27 samples were re-entered into the Design-Expert program. The best 3 solution samples were selected from these analysis results. The first selected solution, for example, extraction conditions; It is in 105 minutes, 57 liquid-floor, 40 ℃ and 95 ethanol concentration. The second chosen solution example; It is a concentration of 98 ethanol in 110 minutes, 60 liquid-floor, 54 ℃. The third chosen solution example; It is 100 minutes, 55 liquid-floor, 60 ℃ and a concentration of 97 ethanol. 3 solutions selected from the Desing-Expert program was re-analysis of the amount of phenolic matter, total monomeric anthocyanin analysis and betalein analysis was performed. In addition, except for these analyzes; Dry material analysis, water activity analysis, water and oil holding capacity analysis, stack density analysis and carr index analysis were also performed. Total amount of phenolic substance in the analysis of the solution examples analysis values were found in the range of 1084.6-1423.8 mg GAE/100 g. Total Monomeric anthocyanin analysis values were found in the range of 1346.7-2398.1 mg/kg. Betalein analysis values were found in the range of 1001.84-1137.41 mg/L. In color analysis values, the value L was found in the range of 11.32-14.76, the A values are between 9.21-14.77 and B values were found in the range of 1.97-3.46. Dried matter analysis values were found in the range of 89.46-98.82. Water activity analysis values were found in the range of 0.20-0.52. Water and oil holding capacity analysis values were found in the range of 0.40-0.64 and the oil holding capacity analysis values were found in the range of 0.99-1.31. Stack intensity analysis was found in the range of 0.09-0.23 g/ml. Carr index values were found in the range of 33.34-50.05. In this study, the solution sample that gives the most suitable values from the optimization conditions from the three solution conditions selected using the Desing-Expert program was selected in 105 minutes, 57 liquid-floor, 40 ℃ and 95 ethanol concentration was selected. This condition of optimization can be used in the processing of onion peel and studies.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Gıda Mühendisliği, Food Engineering
