Boraks katkılı termoplastik nişasta filmlerinin antimikrobiyal etkinliğinin ve film özelliklerinin belirlenmesi
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Tarih
2022
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Son yıllarda, antibakteriyel ve antifungal özelliğe sahip ambalaj malzemeleri geliştirmek için nişasta filmlere antimikrobiyal özellik gösteren çeşitli maddelerin eklendiği bilinmektedir. Yapılan çalışmalarda, boraks ve bor türevlerinin antimikrobiyal aktivitelerinin olduğu tespit edilmiş ve gıda ambalaj malzemelerinde bu amaçla kullanılabileceği bildirilmiştir. Bunun yanında gıda ambalaj malzemelerine bor bileşiklerini içeren paketleme ve ambalaj ürünlerinin antimikrobiyal özellikleri önceki çalışmalarda incelenmiş ve literatürde gösterilmiştir. Bu tez çalışmasında, %8 termoplastik nişasta (TPN) içeren ambalaj çözeltisine; antimikrobiyal özellik kazandırmak amacıyla %5, %10 ve %15 oranında sodyum tetraborat (boraks) katılarak dökme yöntemiyle ambalaj filmler elde edilmiştir. Üretilen TPN-bor filmlerin antibakteriyel ve antifungal özelliklerinin belirlenmesinde; E. coli ATCC 25922, E. coli O157: H7 NCTC 12900, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Salmonella Typhi ATCC 14028, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Candida albicans ATCC 10351, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus flavus ve Penicillium digitatum üzerinde disk difüzyon yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra filmlerin optik özellikleri, mekanik özellikleri ve su buharı geçirgenlikleri (SBG) incelenmiştir. Çalışmada test edilen tüm TPN-boraks filmlerin S. Typhi ATCC 14028'e karşı antibakteriyel etki gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra %10 ve % 15 boraks derişimli filmlerin E. coli O157: H7 NCTC 12900 üzerinde antimikrobiyal aktivite gösterirken, uygulanan hiçbir boraks dozunun E. coli ATCC 25922 ve S. aureus ATCC 6538 üzerinde inhibe edici etki göstermediği saptanmıştır. Diğer taraftan filmlerin antifungal aktiviteleri incelendiğinde; tüm boraks dozlarının (%5, %10, %15) uygulandığı filmlerin S. pombe ve C. albicans ATCC 10351 üzerinde inhibisyon etkisi gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Ancak uygulanan hiçbir boraks dozunun TPN-boraks filmlerine, S. cerevisiae, A. flavus ve P. digitatum'e karşı antifungal özellik kazandırmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Sodyum tetraboratın (boraks) inhibisyon etkisinin doz artışına bağlı artış gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Test mikroorganizmaları arasında termoplastik boraks ilaveli filmlere en duyarlı olan mikroorganizmanın 52,19 mm inhibisyon zonu ile S. pombe olduğu belirlenmiştir. Üretilen filmlerin kalınlıkları eklenen boraks mineralinin etkisiyle azalış sergilemiş, kontrol grubundaki 0,263 mm değerinde olan kalınlık miktarı, bor derişimi arttıkça %10 ve %15 boraks filmlerde 0,203-0,205 mm aralığına kadar düşüş eğilimleri göstermiştir. L* ve b* renk değerlerinde artış tespit edilirken, a* değerinde ise düşüş gözlemlenmiş ve filmlerin sarımsı bir renge büründüğü saptanmıştır. Kontrol gruplarında 0,383 olan opaklık değeri bor maddesinin eklenmesi ile önemli ölçüde düşüş sergilemiş, filmlerin boraks miktarı %15 iken ise opaklık değeri 0,006'a kadar azalmıştır. Filmlere bor minerali ilave edilme prosesi su buharı geçirgenliklerini kontrol grubuna kıyasla azaltırken, mekanik özellikleri yükseltmiş ve filmin esneklik katsayısını %20 arttırmıştır. Sonuç olarak; TPN-boraks ilaveli filmlerde eklenen bor tuzu ile optik, mekanik ve su buharı geçirgenliği özelliklerinde iyileşmeler tespit edilmiştir. Bu filmler hem antimikrobiyal aktivite hem de film karakterizasyon özellikleri baz alınarak düşünüldüğünde %10 ve %15 sodyum tetraborat içeren TPN filmlerin antimikrobiyal paketleme materyalleri olarak gelecek vaat eden adaylar olabileceklerine inanılmaktadır. Bor minerali türevleri, antimikrobiyal nişasta filmler geliştirmek adına uygun maliyetli, güvenilir ve etkili ajanlar olma olanağı sunmaktadır.
In recent years, it is known that various substances with antimicrobial properties have been added to starch films to develop packaging materials with antibacterial and antifungal properties. In the studies, it has been determined that borax and boron derivatives have antimicrobial activities and it has been reported that they can be used in food packaging materials for this purpose. In addition, the antimicrobial properties of packaging and packaging products containing boron compounds in food packaging materials have been examined in previous studies and shown in the literature. In this thesis, in order to gain antimicrobial properties; 5%, 10% and 15% sodium tetraborate (borax) was added into packaging solution containing 8% thermoplastic starch (TPS) to produce packaging films by pouring method. In the determination of the antibacterial and antifungal properties of the produced TPS-boron films; E. coli ATCC 25922, E. coli O157: H7 NCTC 12900, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Salmonella Typhi ATCC 14028, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Candida albicans ATCC 10351, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus flavus diffusion method applied on. In addition, the optical properties, mechanical properties and water vapor permeability of the films were investigated. It is determined that all TPS-borax films tested in the study showed antibacterial activity against S. Typhi ATCC 14028. In addition, 10% and 15% borax concentration films showed antimicrobial activity on E. coli O157: H7 NCTC 12900, while no borax dose applied did not indicate an inhibitory effect on E. coli ATCC 25922 and S. aureus ATCC 6538. On the other hand, when the antifungal activities of the films are examined; It was determined that the films in which all borax doses (5%, 10%, 15%) were applied showed an inhibitory effect on S. pombe and C. albicans ATCC 10351. However, it was determined that no borax dose applied did not impart antifungal properties to TPS-borax films against S. cerevisiae, A. flavus and P. digitatum. It was determined that the inhibition effect of sodium tetraborate (borax) increased with increasing dose. Among the test microorganisms, it was determined that S. pombe was the most sensitive microorganism to the thermoplastic borax added films with a 52.19 mm inhibition zone. The thickness of the films produced decreased with the effect of the added borax mineral, and the thickness amount of 0.263 mm in the control group showed a decreasing trend up to the range of 0.203-0.205 mm in the 10% and 15% borax films as the boron concentration increased. While an increase was detected in the L* and b* color values, a decrease was observed in the a* value and it was determined that the films took on a yellowish color. The opacity value, which was 0.383 in the control groups, decreased significantly with the addition of boron, while the borax amount of the films was 15%, the opacity value decreased to 0.006. The process of adding boron mineral to the films decreased the water vapor permeability compared to the control group, increased the mechanical properties and increased the elasticity coefficient of the film by 20%. In conclusion, improvements in optical, mechanical and water vapor permeability properties were determined with boron salt added in TPS-borax added films. When these films are considered on the basis of both antimicrobial activity and film characterization properties, it is believed that TPS films containing 10% and 15% sodium tetraborate may be promising candidates as antimicrobial packaging materials. Boron mineral derivatives offer the opportunity to be cost-effective, reliable and effective agents for developing antimicrobial starch films.
In recent years, it is known that various substances with antimicrobial properties have been added to starch films to develop packaging materials with antibacterial and antifungal properties. In the studies, it has been determined that borax and boron derivatives have antimicrobial activities and it has been reported that they can be used in food packaging materials for this purpose. In addition, the antimicrobial properties of packaging and packaging products containing boron compounds in food packaging materials have been examined in previous studies and shown in the literature. In this thesis, in order to gain antimicrobial properties; 5%, 10% and 15% sodium tetraborate (borax) was added into packaging solution containing 8% thermoplastic starch (TPS) to produce packaging films by pouring method. In the determination of the antibacterial and antifungal properties of the produced TPS-boron films; E. coli ATCC 25922, E. coli O157: H7 NCTC 12900, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Salmonella Typhi ATCC 14028, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Candida albicans ATCC 10351, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus flavus diffusion method applied on. In addition, the optical properties, mechanical properties and water vapor permeability of the films were investigated. It is determined that all TPS-borax films tested in the study showed antibacterial activity against S. Typhi ATCC 14028. In addition, 10% and 15% borax concentration films showed antimicrobial activity on E. coli O157: H7 NCTC 12900, while no borax dose applied did not indicate an inhibitory effect on E. coli ATCC 25922 and S. aureus ATCC 6538. On the other hand, when the antifungal activities of the films are examined; It was determined that the films in which all borax doses (5%, 10%, 15%) were applied showed an inhibitory effect on S. pombe and C. albicans ATCC 10351. However, it was determined that no borax dose applied did not impart antifungal properties to TPS-borax films against S. cerevisiae, A. flavus and P. digitatum. It was determined that the inhibition effect of sodium tetraborate (borax) increased with increasing dose. Among the test microorganisms, it was determined that S. pombe was the most sensitive microorganism to the thermoplastic borax added films with a 52.19 mm inhibition zone. The thickness of the films produced decreased with the effect of the added borax mineral, and the thickness amount of 0.263 mm in the control group showed a decreasing trend up to the range of 0.203-0.205 mm in the 10% and 15% borax films as the boron concentration increased. While an increase was detected in the L* and b* color values, a decrease was observed in the a* value and it was determined that the films took on a yellowish color. The opacity value, which was 0.383 in the control groups, decreased significantly with the addition of boron, while the borax amount of the films was 15%, the opacity value decreased to 0.006. The process of adding boron mineral to the films decreased the water vapor permeability compared to the control group, increased the mechanical properties and increased the elasticity coefficient of the film by 20%. In conclusion, improvements in optical, mechanical and water vapor permeability properties were determined with boron salt added in TPS-borax added films. When these films are considered on the basis of both antimicrobial activity and film characterization properties, it is believed that TPS films containing 10% and 15% sodium tetraborate may be promising candidates as antimicrobial packaging materials. Boron mineral derivatives offer the opportunity to be cost-effective, reliable and effective agents for developing antimicrobial starch films.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Boraks, termoplastik nişasta, antimikrobiyal aktivite, aktif paketleme, antimikrobiyal filmler, Borax, thermoplastic starch, antimicrobial activity, active packaging, antimicrobial films
