İnsansız hava aracı ile elde edilen sayısal görüntüler kullanılarak mekanik üretim araçlarının verim ve toprak deformasyonu açısından değerlendirilmesi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
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Yayıncı
Bursa Teknik Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışma kapsamında, İnsansız Hava Aracı (İHA) ile elde edilen sayısal görüntüler kullanılarak mekanik üretim araçlarının iş verimi ve toprak deformasyonu açısından değerlendirilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Çözüm aşamasında, İHA ile üretim makinelerinin (hasatçı, hava hattı, tarım traktörü, yükleyici) faaliyetlerine ait yüksek çözünürlüklü sayısal görüntüler elde edilmiş ve ofiste görüntüler üzerinde yürütülen zaman analizi ölçümleri ile verim hesaplamaları yapılmıştır. Çalışmada, istatistiksel analizler yapılarak bazı parametrelerin (ürün boyu, ürün çapı, parça sayısı, hacim, sürütme ve taşıma mesafesi vb.) mekanik araçların verimli çalışma zamanı ve verim değerleri üzerindeki etkileri belirlenmiştir. Diğer taraftan, logaritmik modellerden Weibull dağılımı kullanılarak çalışmada dikkate alınan mekanik üretim araçları için verim tahmin modeli geliştirilmiştir. Çalışmada değerlendirilen tarım traktörü ile orman ürünlerinin sürütülmesi sırasında oluşan hacimsel toprak deformasyonu yüksek çözünürlüklü İHA görüntüleri kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. Bu aşamada, tekerlek izi derinlikleri manuel yöntemle ve İHA görüntüleri ile belirlenmiş ve iki yöntemle elde edilen sonuçlar karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışmada ayrıca sürütme yolu boyunca toprak örnekleri alınarak farklı tur sayısı (10-20) ve arazi eğimleri (%0-10 ve %10-20) için üç derinlik kademesinde (0-5 cm, 5-10 cm ve 10-15 cm) hacim ağırlığı, higroskopik nem, toprak tekstürü ve toprak organik madde içeriği incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre hasatçı için ortalama verim 40,123 m3/saat bulunmuş ve verim üzerinde etkili olan faktörlerin ürün çapı ve ürün hacmi olduğu belirlenmiştir. Hava hattıyla bölmeden çıkarma yönteminde ortalama verim 11,756 m3/saat bulunmuş ve verim üzerinde etkili olan faktörlerin ürün çapı, ürün boyu ve ürün hacmi olduğu belirlenmiştir. Tarım traktörüyle bölmeden çıkarma yönteminde ortalama verim 5,671 m3/saat bulunmuş ve verim üzerinde yine ürün çapı, ürün boyu ve ürün hacminin etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar, yükleyici için ortalama verimin 22,567 m3/saat olduğunu göstermiş ve verim üzerinde etkili olan faktörlerin ürün çapı ve ürün hacmi olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada dikkate alınan mekanik üretim araçları için Weibull dağılımı kullanılarak geliştirilen hacim tahmin modellerinin uygun olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Traktörle sürütme sırasında oluşan ve İHA ile belirlenen hacimsel deformasyonun, 10'uncu tura göre 20'nci turda 0,052 m3/m arttığı bulunmuştur. Çalışmada, 20'nci tur sonrasında 10'uncu tura göre ortalama tekerlek izi derinliğinin İHA yöntemine göre 4,88 cm, cetvel ile yapılan manuel ölçümlere göre ise 4,69 cm arttığı belirlenmiştir. Çalışma alanından alınan toprak örnekleri üzerinde yürütülen analizlere göre çalışma alanındaki hacim ağırlığı, higroskopik nem ve organik madde miktarının tur sayısına bağlı olarak değişiklik gösterdiği belirlenmiştir.
In this study, it was aimed to evaluate mechanized harvesting equipment in terms of productivity and soil deformation by using digital images obtained with an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). During the solution phase, high-resolution digital images were obtained for the harvesting machines (harvester, skyline system, farm tractor, loader) with UAV and then productivity analysis was performed with time analysis measurements to be carried out on the images in the office. In the study, the effects of some parameters (product length, product diameter, number of pieces, volume, skidding distance) on the productive machine time and productivity of harvesting machines were determined by statistical analysis. On the other hand, a productivity estimation model was developed for the harvesting machines by using the Weibull distribution, one of the logarithmic models. The rut depths and volumetric soil deformation formed during the skidding of logs with the agricultural tractor were calculated using high-resolution UAV images. At this stage, rut depths were also determined by manual method and the results were compared with the results obtained by UAV. In the study, soil samples were taken along the skidding road and bulk density, hygroscopic moisture, soil texture and soil organic matter content were examined at three depth levels (0-5 cm, 5-10 cm and 10-15 cm) for different number of turns (10 - 20) and land slopes (0-10% and 10-20%). According to the results, the average productivity for the harvester was found to be 40.123 m3/hour and it was determined that the factors affecting the productivity were product diameter and product volume. In the skyline method, the average productivity 11.756 m3/hour and the factors affecting the productivity were product diameter, product length and product volume. In the method of harvesting with an agricultural tractor, the average productivity was found to be 5.671 m3/hour and the product diameter, length and volume were effective on the productivity. The results showed that the average productivity for the loader was 22,567 m3/hour, and the effective factors on the productivity were product diameter and volume. The volume estimation models developed using the Weibull distribution were suitable for the mechanical equipment. The volumetric deformation occurring during tractor skidding, measured by UAV method, increased by 0.052 m3/m in the 20th turn compared to the 10th. In the study, it was determined that after the 20th turn, the average rut depth increased by 4.88 cm according to UAV method and by 4.69 cm according to manual method with a ruler, compared to the 10th. According to the analyzes carried out on soil samples taken from the study area, it was determined that the volumetric weight, hygroscopic moisture and organic matter amount in the study area varied depending on the number of tours.
In this study, it was aimed to evaluate mechanized harvesting equipment in terms of productivity and soil deformation by using digital images obtained with an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). During the solution phase, high-resolution digital images were obtained for the harvesting machines (harvester, skyline system, farm tractor, loader) with UAV and then productivity analysis was performed with time analysis measurements to be carried out on the images in the office. In the study, the effects of some parameters (product length, product diameter, number of pieces, volume, skidding distance) on the productive machine time and productivity of harvesting machines were determined by statistical analysis. On the other hand, a productivity estimation model was developed for the harvesting machines by using the Weibull distribution, one of the logarithmic models. The rut depths and volumetric soil deformation formed during the skidding of logs with the agricultural tractor were calculated using high-resolution UAV images. At this stage, rut depths were also determined by manual method and the results were compared with the results obtained by UAV. In the study, soil samples were taken along the skidding road and bulk density, hygroscopic moisture, soil texture and soil organic matter content were examined at three depth levels (0-5 cm, 5-10 cm and 10-15 cm) for different number of turns (10 - 20) and land slopes (0-10% and 10-20%). According to the results, the average productivity for the harvester was found to be 40.123 m3/hour and it was determined that the factors affecting the productivity were product diameter and product volume. In the skyline method, the average productivity 11.756 m3/hour and the factors affecting the productivity were product diameter, product length and product volume. In the method of harvesting with an agricultural tractor, the average productivity was found to be 5.671 m3/hour and the product diameter, length and volume were effective on the productivity. The results showed that the average productivity for the loader was 22,567 m3/hour, and the effective factors on the productivity were product diameter and volume. The volume estimation models developed using the Weibull distribution were suitable for the mechanical equipment. The volumetric deformation occurring during tractor skidding, measured by UAV method, increased by 0.052 m3/m in the 20th turn compared to the 10th. In the study, it was determined that after the 20th turn, the average rut depth increased by 4.88 cm according to UAV method and by 4.69 cm according to manual method with a ruler, compared to the 10th. According to the analyzes carried out on soil samples taken from the study area, it was determined that the volumetric weight, hygroscopic moisture and organic matter amount in the study area varied depending on the number of tours.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ormancılık, Orman Mühendisliği, Forestry, Forest Engineering
