Türk fındığı (Corylus colurna L.) tohumlarının fizyolojisi üzerine araştırmalar
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
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Yayıncı
Bursa Teknik Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Türk fındığının (Corylus colurna L.), Türkiye'de Karadeniz, Marmara, Ege ve İç Anadolu bölgelerinde çok sayıda birbirinden kopuk popülasyonları bulunmaktadır. Ülkemizdeki küçük popülasyonların birçoğu tehlike altındadır. Bu çalışmada 10 popülasyon üzerinden Türk fındığı tohumlarının fizyolojik, morfolojik ve kimyasal özellikleri incelenmiştir. Fizyolojik nitelikler kapsamında dormansi durumu, çimlenme özellikleri, kurumaya duyarlılık ve saklanabilirlik nitelikleri araştırılmıştır. Popülasyonlar morfolojik özellikler bakımından büyük farklılıklar göstermiştir. Popülasyonlar genel ortalama 1000-dane ağırlığı 1438,8 g (1243,7-1658,8) ve embriyo tohum oranı %35,0 (%31,3-37,9) bulunmuştur. 7 popülasyonda gerçekleştirilen kimyasal analizlere ortalama yağ içeriği, protein, nişasta ve kül sırasıyla %64,1, %15,9, % 1,02 (10,2 g/kg) ve %2,5 olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Tohumlarının fizyolojik dormansisinin giderilmesinde, tohumlara dört hafta aralıklarla 28 haftaya kadar soğuk katlama işlemi uygulanmış ve katlama sonrası 20 °C sıcaklıkta çimlenmeye alınmıştır. Fizyolojik dormansi testi sonunda çimlenme yüzdesinin ortalama %30,8 olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Morfolojik ve morfofizyolojik dormansinin varlığını ve derinliği test edilmiş, üç farklı popülasyona göre 4 hafta ılık katlama + 18 hafta soğuk katlama sonrası 20 °C'de çimlenme yüzdesi ortalaması %12,2 bulunmuştur. Tohum kabuğunun dormansideki rolünü (mekanik ve fiziksel dormansinin varlığını) tespit etmek amacıyla çatlak tohum ve embriyo çimlenme testi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Üç popülasyonda 20 hafta soğuk katlama işlemi sonrası 20 °C'de çimlenme yüzdesinin mekanik dormansi testi sonucu ortalama %62,2 ve fiziksel dormansi testi sonucu ortalama %85,6 olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Tohum kabuğunun çatlatılması ve hatta uzaklaştırılmasıyla çimlenme yüzdesi artmıştır. Ancak hem çatlak tohum hem de embriyoda 8 hafta soğuk katlamaya kadar çimlenme gözlenmemesi, Türk fındığının birleşik dormansiye (fiziksel + fizyolojik) sahip olduğunu doğrulamıştır. Çimlenme sıcaklığının çimlenme parametrelerine etkisine belirlemek üzere üç popülasyonda 10 °C, 15 °C ve 20 °C sıcaklıkta çimlenme testleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. 20 hafta soğuk katlama süresi sonunda çimlenme yüzdesi ortalaması 10 °C'de %30, 15 °C'de %32,6 ve 20 °C'de %19,3 olarak bulunmuştur. Türk fındığında 15 °C çimlenme sıcaklığının daha uygun olduğu söylenebilir. Ayrıca kurumaya duyarlılık ve saklama özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla tohumlar %3,5, %5, %6,5 nem oranlarına indirilmiş ve 6 ay süreyle +4 °C ve -18 °C sıcaklıkta saklanmıştır. En yüksek tohum canlılığı +4 °C sıcaklıkta %3,5 nem içeriği (%81,48) ile elde edilmiştir.
Turkish hazelnut (Corylus colurna L.) has many isolated populations in the Black Sea, Marmara, Aegean, and Central Anatolia regions of Turkey. Many of the small populations in our country are endangered. In this study, the physiological characteristics of Turkish hazelnut seeds were investigated according to 10 populations. In addition, morphological, chemical, and germination characteristics were examined, and desiccation sensitivity and storage features were investigated. Populations differed significantly in terms of morphological characteristics. The overall average 1000-seed weight of the populations was 1438.8 g (1243.7-1658.8) and the kernel ratio was 35.0% (31.3%-37.9%). As a result of the chemical analysis in 7 populations, it was determined that the average fat content, protein, starch and ash were 64.1%, 15.9%, 1.02% (10.2 g/kg) and 2.5%, respectively. In order to break the physiological dormancy of the seeds, cold stratification was applied to the seeds at intervals of four weeks for up to 28 weeks and germinated at 20 °C after stratification. At the end of the physiological dormancy test, it was determined that the germination percentage was 30.8% on average. The presence and depth of morphological and morphophysiological dormancy were tested, and the average germination percentage was 12.2% at 20 °C after 4 weeks of warm stratification + 18 weeks of cold stratification according to three different populations. In the embryo and cracked seed germination test performed to determine the role of seed coat in dormancy (the presence of physical and mechanical dormancy). Respectively, the germination percentage was found 62.2% and 85.6% for result of mechanical and physical dormancy test on average at 20 °C after 20 weeks of cold stratification in three populations. The germination percentage increased with the cracked or even removal of the seed coat, but the fact. However, the absence of germination in both cracked seed and embryo until 8 weeks of cold stratification confirmed that Turkish hazelnut had combinational dormancy (physical + physiological). In order to determine the effect of germination temperature on germination parameters, germination tests were carried out in three populations at 10 °C, 15 °C and 20 °C. After 20 weeks of cold stratification, the average germination percentage was found 30% at 10 °C, 32.6% at 15 °C and 19.3% at 20 °C. According to the three populations, it can be concluded that the germination temperature of 15 °C is more suitable for Turkish hazelnuts. Furthermore, in order to determine desiccation sensitivity and storage features, the moisture content of the seeds was reduced to 3.5%, 5%, 6.5% and stored at +4 °C and -18 °C for 6 months. The highest vitality was achieved at +4 °C temperature with 3.5% moisture content (81.48%).
Turkish hazelnut (Corylus colurna L.) has many isolated populations in the Black Sea, Marmara, Aegean, and Central Anatolia regions of Turkey. Many of the small populations in our country are endangered. In this study, the physiological characteristics of Turkish hazelnut seeds were investigated according to 10 populations. In addition, morphological, chemical, and germination characteristics were examined, and desiccation sensitivity and storage features were investigated. Populations differed significantly in terms of morphological characteristics. The overall average 1000-seed weight of the populations was 1438.8 g (1243.7-1658.8) and the kernel ratio was 35.0% (31.3%-37.9%). As a result of the chemical analysis in 7 populations, it was determined that the average fat content, protein, starch and ash were 64.1%, 15.9%, 1.02% (10.2 g/kg) and 2.5%, respectively. In order to break the physiological dormancy of the seeds, cold stratification was applied to the seeds at intervals of four weeks for up to 28 weeks and germinated at 20 °C after stratification. At the end of the physiological dormancy test, it was determined that the germination percentage was 30.8% on average. The presence and depth of morphological and morphophysiological dormancy were tested, and the average germination percentage was 12.2% at 20 °C after 4 weeks of warm stratification + 18 weeks of cold stratification according to three different populations. In the embryo and cracked seed germination test performed to determine the role of seed coat in dormancy (the presence of physical and mechanical dormancy). Respectively, the germination percentage was found 62.2% and 85.6% for result of mechanical and physical dormancy test on average at 20 °C after 20 weeks of cold stratification in three populations. The germination percentage increased with the cracked or even removal of the seed coat, but the fact. However, the absence of germination in both cracked seed and embryo until 8 weeks of cold stratification confirmed that Turkish hazelnut had combinational dormancy (physical + physiological). In order to determine the effect of germination temperature on germination parameters, germination tests were carried out in three populations at 10 °C, 15 °C and 20 °C. After 20 weeks of cold stratification, the average germination percentage was found 30% at 10 °C, 32.6% at 15 °C and 19.3% at 20 °C. According to the three populations, it can be concluded that the germination temperature of 15 °C is more suitable for Turkish hazelnuts. Furthermore, in order to determine desiccation sensitivity and storage features, the moisture content of the seeds was reduced to 3.5%, 5%, 6.5% and stored at +4 °C and -18 °C for 6 months. The highest vitality was achieved at +4 °C temperature with 3.5% moisture content (81.48%).
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ormancılık ve Orman Mühendisliği, Forestry and Forest Engineering, Tohum dinlenmesi, Seed dormancy
