Using GIS-based on network analysis method for safer forest transportation planning summary
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Tarih
2024
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Yayıncı
Bursa Teknik Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Tomruk kamyonları kullanılarak yapılan orman transportu, orman ürünleri üretiminin maliyetli aşamalarından biridir. Tomruk kamyonu kullanmak, özellikle orman alanlarının çoğunlukla dağlık alalarda yer aldığı bölgelerde, ormancılık çok tehlikeli mesleklerden biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Son yıllarda orman ürünlerinin taşınması sırasında nakliye maliyetlerini en aza indirmek için büyük tonajlı tomruk kamyonları tercih edilmektedir. Teknik standartların yetersiz olduğu (platform genişliği, kurp yarıçapı, kurp genişliği vb.) orman yollarının yanı sıra sanat yapıları ve üstyapı eksikliği, büyük tonajlı tomruk kamyonlarının hareket ve manevra kabiliyetini sınırlandırmakta ve bu durum kamyon sürücülerinin güvenliğini olumsuz etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmada, CBS tabanlı ağ analizi yöntemi kullanılarak güvenlik kısıtlamalı ulaşım planının geliştirilmesi ve sürücü güvenliğinin ön planda olduğu durumlarda karşılaşılacak ek ulaşım maliyetinin hesaplanması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma alanı, Türkiye'nin Bursa şehrinde bulunan Paşalar, Sarnıç ve Turfal Orman İşletme Şefliklerinden (OİŞ) oluşmaktadır. Çalışmada iki senaryo ele alınmıştır: 1) nakliye maliyetlerini en aza indiren transport planı ve 2) kamyon sürücülerinin güvenliğini maksimuma çıkaran transport planı. İki senaryonun transport planı arasındaki fark, optimum güzergahlar, nihai orman depoları ve kamyon sürücülerinin güvenliği için harcanan ek transport maliyetleri açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Paşalar, Sarnıç ve Turfal OİŞ'de taşınan orman ürünlerinin hacmi sırasıyla 8852,50 m3 , 10327,11 m3 ve 6.352,73 m3 bulunmuştur. Birinci senaryo sonuçları, Sarnıç ve Turfal OİŞ'deki rampalardan taşınan orman ürünlerinin kendi depolarına, Paşalar OİŞ'deki orman ürünlerinin ise hem kendi deposuna hem de diğer OİŞ'lerdeki depolara nakledildiğini göstermiştir. İkinci senaryoda ise Turfal OİŞ'deki orman ürünlerinin kendi deposuna, Paşalar ve Sarnıç OİŞ'lerdeki orman ürünlerinin ise hem kendi depolarına hem de diğer OİŞ'deki depolara taşındığı bulunmuştur. Güvenliğin dikkate alındığı ikinci senaryoda toplam transport maliyetinin %58,23 (12874,70 €) arttığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca ikinci senaryoda Paşalar, Sarnıç ve Turfal OİŞ'lerdeki transport maliyetinin sırasıyla %36,14, %93,33 ve %32,54 oranında arttığı belirlenmiştir. CBS tabanlı ağ analizi yöntemi, tomruk kamyonu sürücülerinin güvenliği dikkate alınarak orman ürünleri nakliyatının planlanmasında etkin bir şekilde kullanılabilmektedir. Örnek taşıma planı sonucunda elde edilen çıktılar, karar vericilerin, tomruk kamyonlarının kullanılmasıyla ilgili yüksek güvenlik riskleri bulunan orman alanlarında orman ürünlerinin taşınması için %50'nin üzerinde ek nakliye maliyeti ödemeye gönüllü olması gerektiğini ortaya koymuştur.
Forest transportation, performed by using logging trucks, is one of the costly stage of producing forest products. Driving a logging truck is regarded as one of the most dangerous tasks in forestry, especially in areas where forest lands are mostly located in mountains. In recent decades, large size logging trucks have been preferred during hauling of forest products to minimize the transportation costs. The forest roads with inadequate technical standards (i.e. platform width, curve radius, curve width, etc.) and the lack of engineering structures and superstructure limit the movement and maneuverability of large logging trucks which negatively effects the safety of truck drivers. In this study, it was aimed to develop transportation plan with safety constraint using GIS-based network analysis method and compute the additional transportation cost that would be faced when driver safety is the priority. The study area consisted of three Forest Enterprise Chiefs (FECs) including Paşalar, Sarnıç, and Turfal FECs located in the city of Bursa in Turkiye. Two scenarios considered in the study 1) transportation plan that minimized the transportation costs and 2) transportation plan that maximized the safety of the truck drivers. The difference between transportation plan of two scenarios were evaluated in terms of optimum routes, destination depots and additional transportation cost spent for safety of the truck drivers. Total forest products transported to landing areas in Paşalar, Sarnıç, and Turfal FECs were 8852.50 m3 , 10327.11 m3 , 6,352.73 m3 , respectively The results indicated that forest products from landings in Sarnıç FEC and Turfal FEC were transported to their own depots, while forest products from landings in Paşalar FEC were transported to both its own depots and to depots in other FECs in the first scenario. In the second scenario, the forest products from landings in Turfal FEC were transported to its own depot while forest products from landings in Paşalar and Sarnıç FECs were transported to both its own depots and to depots in other FECs. It was found that the total transportation cost increased in the second scenario of considering safety by 58.23% (12874.70 €). In was also found that the transportation cost increased in the second scenario by 36.14%, 93.33%, and 32.54% in Paşalar, Sarnıç, and Turfal FECs, respectively. GIS-based network analysis method can be effectively used to plan transportation of forest products considering safety of logging truck drivers. The results from the sample transportation plan example suggested that the decision-makers should be willing to pay over 50% additional transportation cost for transportation of forest products in forest areas with high safety risks associated with driving logging trucks.
Forest transportation, performed by using logging trucks, is one of the costly stage of producing forest products. Driving a logging truck is regarded as one of the most dangerous tasks in forestry, especially in areas where forest lands are mostly located in mountains. In recent decades, large size logging trucks have been preferred during hauling of forest products to minimize the transportation costs. The forest roads with inadequate technical standards (i.e. platform width, curve radius, curve width, etc.) and the lack of engineering structures and superstructure limit the movement and maneuverability of large logging trucks which negatively effects the safety of truck drivers. In this study, it was aimed to develop transportation plan with safety constraint using GIS-based network analysis method and compute the additional transportation cost that would be faced when driver safety is the priority. The study area consisted of three Forest Enterprise Chiefs (FECs) including Paşalar, Sarnıç, and Turfal FECs located in the city of Bursa in Turkiye. Two scenarios considered in the study 1) transportation plan that minimized the transportation costs and 2) transportation plan that maximized the safety of the truck drivers. The difference between transportation plan of two scenarios were evaluated in terms of optimum routes, destination depots and additional transportation cost spent for safety of the truck drivers. Total forest products transported to landing areas in Paşalar, Sarnıç, and Turfal FECs were 8852.50 m3 , 10327.11 m3 , 6,352.73 m3 , respectively The results indicated that forest products from landings in Sarnıç FEC and Turfal FEC were transported to their own depots, while forest products from landings in Paşalar FEC were transported to both its own depots and to depots in other FECs in the first scenario. In the second scenario, the forest products from landings in Turfal FEC were transported to its own depot while forest products from landings in Paşalar and Sarnıç FECs were transported to both its own depots and to depots in other FECs. It was found that the total transportation cost increased in the second scenario of considering safety by 58.23% (12874.70 €). In was also found that the transportation cost increased in the second scenario by 36.14%, 93.33%, and 32.54% in Paşalar, Sarnıç, and Turfal FECs, respectively. GIS-based network analysis method can be effectively used to plan transportation of forest products considering safety of logging truck drivers. The results from the sample transportation plan example suggested that the decision-makers should be willing to pay over 50% additional transportation cost for transportation of forest products in forest areas with high safety risks associated with driving logging trucks.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ormancılık ve Orman Mühendisliği, Forestry and Forest Engineering
