Şeftalide bulunan pestisitlerin tayini için titanyum dioksit nanotüpün kullanıldığı modifiye quechers yönteminin geliştirilmesi
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Tarih
2023
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Bursa Teknik Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Gıda maddelerinin üretiminden depolanmalarına kadar geçen süre zarfında gıdalara zarar veren mikroorganizma ve zararlıları uzaklaştırmak veya yok etmek, ayrıca bitkilerin büyümesini düzenlemek amacıyla da kullanılabilen, kimyasal ya da biyolojik ürünlerin tümüne pestisit adı verilmektedir. Pestisitlerin insan sağlığına doğrudan veya dolaylı olarak olumsuz etkileri günümüzde iyi bilindiği için insan sağlığını ve çevrenin kirlenmesinin önlenmesini amaçlayan iyi tarım uygulamaları adı altında kriterler belirlenmiş ve topraktan sofraya tüm üretim aşamalarının denetlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu noktada doğru pestisit analizi önem kazanmıştır. Pestisit analizlerinde en yaygın olarak kullanılan ektraksiyon metodu "QuEChERS" (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, Safe) metodudur. QuEChERS metodu oldukça esnek bir yaklaşımdır. Laboratuvar şartlarında mevcut analitik teknik ve cihaz ile üzerinde çalışılan analitin matris özelliklerine göre modifikasyonlar yapılabilmektedir. Piyasada pestisit analizlerinde kullanılan çeşitli clean-up kimyasalları (PSA, MgSO4 ve GCB gibi) mevcuttur ve bu kimyasallar genellikle gıdadan şekeri, yağı, pigmenti veya suyu uzaklaştırmak için kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada sentezlenen titanyum dioksit nanotüp (TNT), primer/sekonder amin (PSA) yerine veya PSA ile birlikte kullanılarak seçili pestisitlerin ekstrakiyonla elde edilmesindeki başarısı değerlendirilmiştir. Bu değerlendirme geri kazanım yüzdeleri temel alınarak yapılmıştır. Sentezlenen TNT'ler BET, SEM ve XRD teknikleri kullanılarak karakterize edilmiştir. Farklı parametrelerde sentezlenen TNTlerin uygunluğunun değerlendirilmesi ve optimize edilmiş şartların tespiti yapılmıştır. Her iki ekstraksiyondan sonra kirletilmiş şeftali örneklerinin analizinden geri kazanım ve %RSD değerleri hesaplanarak karşılaştırma ve uygunluk değerlendirilmeleri yapılmıştır. TNT sentez parametreleri olarak TiO2 kaynağı, hidrotermal işlem sıcaklığı (140, 150 ve 160 °C) ve hidrotermal işlem süresi (24,48 ve 72 saat) kullanılmıştır. Bu tez çalışması kapsamında sentezlenen tüm TNT örneklerinin PSA yerine kullanılabileceği, 150 °C hidrotermal sıcaklık, 24 saat süre ve P25 başlangıç maddesi ile hazırlanan TNT örneğinin en iyi geri kazanım verdiği belirlenmiştir.
Pesticides are all chemical or biological products that can be used to remove or destroy microorganisms and pests that damage food and to regulate the growth of plants, during the period from the production of foodstuffs to their storage. Since the direct or indirect negative effects of pesticides on human health are well known today, criteria were determined under the name of good agricultural practices aiming at preventing pollution of human health and the environment, and it was aimed to control all production stages from soil to table. At this point, accurate pesticide analysis has gained importance. The most commonly used extraction method in pesticide analysis is the "QuEChERS" (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, Safe) method. The QuEChERS method is a very flexible approach. In laboratory conditions, modifications can be made according to the matrix properties of the analyte studied with the existing analytical technique and device. There are various clean-up chemicals (such as PSA, MgSO4, and GCB) used in pesticide analysis on the market, and these chemicals are often used to remove sugar, oil, pigment, or water from food. In this study, synthesized titanium dioxide nanotube (TNT) was used instead of primary/secondary amine (PSA) or together with PSA, and its success in obtaining selected pesticides by extraction was evaluated. This assessment is based on recovery percentages. The synthesized TNTs were characterized using BET, SEM, and XRD techniques. The suitability of TNTs synthesized in different parameters was evaluated and the optimized conditions were determined. After both extractions, recovery, and %RSD values were calculated from the analysis of contaminated peach samples, and comparison and suitability evaluations were made. TiO2 source, hydrothermal treatment temperature (140, 150, and 160 °C), and hydrothermal treatment time (24, 48, and 72 hours) were used as TNT synthesis parameters. It was determined that all TNT samples synthesized within the scope of this thesis could be used instead of PSA, and the TNT sample prepared with 150 °C hydrothermal temperature, 24 hours, and P25 starting material gave the best recovery.
Pesticides are all chemical or biological products that can be used to remove or destroy microorganisms and pests that damage food and to regulate the growth of plants, during the period from the production of foodstuffs to their storage. Since the direct or indirect negative effects of pesticides on human health are well known today, criteria were determined under the name of good agricultural practices aiming at preventing pollution of human health and the environment, and it was aimed to control all production stages from soil to table. At this point, accurate pesticide analysis has gained importance. The most commonly used extraction method in pesticide analysis is the "QuEChERS" (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, Safe) method. The QuEChERS method is a very flexible approach. In laboratory conditions, modifications can be made according to the matrix properties of the analyte studied with the existing analytical technique and device. There are various clean-up chemicals (such as PSA, MgSO4, and GCB) used in pesticide analysis on the market, and these chemicals are often used to remove sugar, oil, pigment, or water from food. In this study, synthesized titanium dioxide nanotube (TNT) was used instead of primary/secondary amine (PSA) or together with PSA, and its success in obtaining selected pesticides by extraction was evaluated. This assessment is based on recovery percentages. The synthesized TNTs were characterized using BET, SEM, and XRD techniques. The suitability of TNTs synthesized in different parameters was evaluated and the optimized conditions were determined. After both extractions, recovery, and %RSD values were calculated from the analysis of contaminated peach samples, and comparison and suitability evaluations were made. TiO2 source, hydrothermal treatment temperature (140, 150, and 160 °C), and hydrothermal treatment time (24, 48, and 72 hours) were used as TNT synthesis parameters. It was determined that all TNT samples synthesized within the scope of this thesis could be used instead of PSA, and the TNT sample prepared with 150 °C hydrothermal temperature, 24 hours, and P25 starting material gave the best recovery.
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Anahtar Kelimeler
Kimya Mühendisliği, Chemical Engineering
