Demiryollarında çalışan makinistlerin iş yükünün NASA-TLX yöntemiyle analizi
Küçük Resim Yok
Dosyalar
Tarih
2024
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Bursa Teknik Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Dünya çapında hızlı değişim ve yenilikler yaşanmaktadır. Şirketlerin varlığını sürdürebilmesi için sadece teknolojiye yatırım yapılması yeterli olmamakla birlikte aynı zamanda çalışanların sürekli yüksek verimlilikte çalışmasına yönelik uygulamalar da ele alınmalıdır. Verimlilik artışını etkileyen faktörler arasında çalışma ortamının fiziki durumu, koşulların ergonomisi, organizasyonel ergonomi ve iş tatmini bulunmaktadır. Ergonomi işi insanın yeteneklerine, fiziksel ve psikolojik durumlarını göz önüne alarak düzenlemek ve bunu uygulamayı amaçlamaktadır. Firmalar arasında rekabet her zaman hissedilir ancak bu durumu avantaja çevirebilecek en önemli unsur insan kaynağıdır. Uygun ergonomik koşullarla motive olmuş çalışanların üretkenliğinin ve iş tatmininin arttığı gözlemlenecektir. Araştırma; demiryolu sektörü çalışanlarının iş yüklerinin Bulanık TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) (İdeal Sonuç Odaklı Çok Ölçütlü Karar Verme), Bulanık COPRAS (ComplexPRoportionalAssessment) (Karmaşık Orantılı Değerlendirme) ve NASA-TLX (The NASA Task Load Index) (NASA Görev Yükü İndeksi) yöntemiyle analizi konusunda literatüre katkı sağlamak amacıyla oluşturulmuştur. Çalışanın belirli bir sürede kaliteli olarak yapması gereken iş hacmi olarak belirlenen iş yükü işin zorluk seviyesi ve çalışanın çalışma becerisi, iş yüküne ilişkin algıyı ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Çalışmada demiryollarında çalışan makinist personelin hissettikleri iş yükünün çeşitli faktörler açısından incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın örnek grubunu demiryolları sektöründe çalışan 210 makinist personel ile yapılan anketler oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada veri toplama için NASATLX yönteminden faydalanılmış, bu yöntemle oluşturulan anket makinist çalışanlara uyarlanarak kullanılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmada çok sayıda karar verici bulunması ve bulanık ifadeler ile değerlendirme yapılması nedeniyle ortak bir sonuç elde etmek için verilerin analizinde ÇKVV ( Çok Kriterli Karar Verme) tekniğinden Bulanık TOPSIS ve Bulanık COPRAS kullanılmıştır. NASA-TLX yönetiminde kabul görmüş kriterler ise değişik sektörlerde birçok çalışmada uygulanan kriterlerden seçilmiştir. Sonuçlar analiz edilirken önce tüm katılımcıların vermiş olduğu cevaplara bakılmış daha sonrasında ise veriler deneyim ve iş birimi düzeyine göre ayrılarak iki farklı ÇKKV yöntemiyle analiz edilmiş, karşılaştırılmış ve yorumlanarak tavsiyeler verilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda tüm katılımcıların verdiği yanıtların ve çalışanları deneyim ve iş birimlerine göre gruplandırdıktan sonra verilen yanıtların hem Bulanık TOPSİS hem de Bulanık COPRAS yöntemi ile analiz edilmesi sonucu en çok bilişsel yükün yaşandığı çalışma alanının İş4 olduğu görülmüştür.
Rapid changes and innovations are taking place worldwide. In order for companies to survive, it is not only sufficient to invest in technology, but also applications for employees to work with high productivity should be addressed. Factors affecting productivity increase include the physical condition of the working environment, ergonomics of conditions, organizational ergonomics and job satisfaction. The aim of ergonomics is to organise and implement the work by taking into account human abilities, physical and psychological conditions. Competition between companies is always felt, but the most important factor that can turn this situation into an advantage is human resources. It will be observed that the productivity and job satisfaction of motivated employees increase with appropriate ergonomic conditions. The research is designed to contribute to the literature on analysing the workloads of railway sector employees by using Fuzzy TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution), Fuzzy COPRAS (Complex ProportionalAssessment) and NASA-TLX (The NASA Task Load Index). Workload, which is defined as the volume of work that the employee must perform in a certain period of time in a quality manner, the level of difficulty of the work and the working skills of the employee reveal the perception of workload. In this study, it is aimed to examine the workload felt by the machinist personnel working in the railways in terms of various factors. The sample group of the study consists of surveys conducted with 210 machinist personnel working in the railway sector. NASATLX method was utilised for data collection in the study, and the questionnaire created with this method was adapted and used for mechanic employees. Since there were a large number of decision makers in the study and the evaluation was made with fuzzy expressions, Fuzzy TOPSIS and Fuzzy COPRAS, which are MCDM (Multi-Criteria Decision Making) techniques, were used in the analysis of the data in order to obtain a common result. The criteria accepted in NASA-TLX management were selected from the criteria applied in many studies in different sectors. While analysing the results, firstly, the answers given by all participants were examined, then the data were separated according to experience and business unit level and analysed, compared and interpreted with two different MDCM methods and recommendations were given. As a result of the research, as a result of analysing the answers given by all participants and the answers given after grouping the employees according to their experience and business units with both Fuzzy TOPSIS and Fuzzy COPRAS methods, it was seen that the work area with the highest cognitive load was Job4.
Rapid changes and innovations are taking place worldwide. In order for companies to survive, it is not only sufficient to invest in technology, but also applications for employees to work with high productivity should be addressed. Factors affecting productivity increase include the physical condition of the working environment, ergonomics of conditions, organizational ergonomics and job satisfaction. The aim of ergonomics is to organise and implement the work by taking into account human abilities, physical and psychological conditions. Competition between companies is always felt, but the most important factor that can turn this situation into an advantage is human resources. It will be observed that the productivity and job satisfaction of motivated employees increase with appropriate ergonomic conditions. The research is designed to contribute to the literature on analysing the workloads of railway sector employees by using Fuzzy TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution), Fuzzy COPRAS (Complex ProportionalAssessment) and NASA-TLX (The NASA Task Load Index). Workload, which is defined as the volume of work that the employee must perform in a certain period of time in a quality manner, the level of difficulty of the work and the working skills of the employee reveal the perception of workload. In this study, it is aimed to examine the workload felt by the machinist personnel working in the railways in terms of various factors. The sample group of the study consists of surveys conducted with 210 machinist personnel working in the railway sector. NASATLX method was utilised for data collection in the study, and the questionnaire created with this method was adapted and used for mechanic employees. Since there were a large number of decision makers in the study and the evaluation was made with fuzzy expressions, Fuzzy TOPSIS and Fuzzy COPRAS, which are MCDM (Multi-Criteria Decision Making) techniques, were used in the analysis of the data in order to obtain a common result. The criteria accepted in NASA-TLX management were selected from the criteria applied in many studies in different sectors. While analysing the results, firstly, the answers given by all participants were examined, then the data were separated according to experience and business unit level and analysed, compared and interpreted with two different MDCM methods and recommendations were given. As a result of the research, as a result of analysing the answers given by all participants and the answers given after grouping the employees according to their experience and business units with both Fuzzy TOPSIS and Fuzzy COPRAS methods, it was seen that the work area with the highest cognitive load was Job4.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Endüstri ve Endüstri Mühendisliği, Industrial and Industrial Engineering
