Yerli ve ithal çörek otu (Nigella sativa L.) yağının kimyasal karakterizasyonu
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Bursa Teknik Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
YERLİ VE İTHAL ÇÖREK OTU (Nigella sativa L.) YAĞININ KİMYASAL KARAKTERİZASYONU ÖZET Çörek otu (Nigella), Ranunculaceae familyasına bağlı bir bitki türüdür. Daha çok sağlığa yararlarıyla bilinir. Eski uygarlıklar döneminden beri yüksek ateş, boğaz enfeksiyonları ve deri rahatsızlıklarında, daha çok tohumlarından elde edilen yağı kullanılmıştır. Günümüzde ise çörek otu tohumunun içerdiği kimyasal bileşenler antioksidan, antialerjenik ve antikanserojen etkiye sahip olduğu yapılan çalışmalarla gösterilmiştir. Çalışmada, yurtdışından getirilen ithal tohumdan Mısır, yurtiçinde yetişen yerli tohumdan (Çorum) sabit yağ eldesi soğuk pres makinesiyle soğuk sıkım yöntemiyle elde edilmiştir. Piyasada satılan ve soğuk sıkım yöntemiyle elde edilen çörek otu yağı örneği ise Bursa ilinden temin edilmiştir. Yurtiçi ve yurtdışı tohum sabit yağlarına ek olarak piyasada satılan paketli soğuk sıkım çörek otu yağlarının kimyasal bileşenleri ve bazı fiziksel özellikleri yapılan analizler (kırılma indis tayini, özgül ağırlık tayini, asit sayısı tayini, sabunlaşma sayısı tayini, peroksit sayısı tayini ve gaz kromatografisi- kütle spektroskopisi tayini) ile karakterize edilmiştir. Kırılma indis değerlerinde Mısır (ithal tohum) sabit yağı 20 °C de (1.47) bulunan numune olmuştur. Özgül ağırlık tayin sonuçları ise 25 °C de yine en yakın Mısır (ithal tohum) 'da bulunmuştur. Asit sayısı tayini için en düşük değer (5,14) piyasadan alınan çörek otu sabit yağı örneğindedir. Sabunlaşma sayısı tayininde ise en yüksek veri (62,50), Mısır (ithal tohum) çörek otu sabit yağında kaydedilmiştir. Peroksit sayısı, Çorum (yerli tohum) (245,81) çörek otu sabit yağında kaydedilmiştir. GC- MS (Gaz kromatografisi- Kütle spektroskopisi) analiz sonuçlarına bakıldığında, oleik asit yüzdesi (serbest asitlik yüzdesi) en düşük Çorum (yerli tohum) çörek otu sabit yağı (%25,89) olarak ölçülmüştür. Yapılan analiz sonuçlarına bakıldığında, Çorum (yerli tohum) ve Mısır (ithal tohum) çörek otu yağları piyasada satılan çörek otu yağlarından öncelikli olarak tercih edilmesi gerektiği, yerli tohum üretimi ve yağ eldesi desteklenirse hem ekonomi hem de sağlık açısından daha yararlı olacağı kanısına varılmıştır.
LOCAL AND IMPORTED BLACK CUMIN CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF (Nigella sativa L.) OIL SUMMARY Nigella sativa (Nigella) is a plant species belonging to the Ranunculaceae family. It is known for its health benefits. Since ancient civilizations, the oil obtained from its seeds has been used for high fever, throat infections and skin disorders. Recent studies have shown that black cumin seeds contain chemical components (thymoquinone, thymol, limonene, carvacrol, p-cymene, alpha-pinene, 4-terpineol, longifolin and t-anethole benzene) and have antioxidant, antiallergenic and anticarcinogenic effects. We can see that black cumin seeds are also used to decorate bakery products in our daily life. In the study, fixed oil was obtained from imported seeds brought from abroad (Egypt) and from domestically grown seeds (Çorum) by cold pressing method with a cold press machine. The black cumin oil sample, which is sold in the market and obtained by cold pressing method, was obtained from Bursa. In addition to domestic and international fixed seed oils, chemical components and some physical properties of packaged cold-pressed black cumin oils sold in the market were analyzed (refractive index determination, specific gravity determination, acid number determination, saponification number determination, peroxide number determination and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy). determination) was characterized. In terms of refractive index values, Egypt (imported seed) fixed oil was the sample found at 20 °C (1.47). Specific gravity determination results were found in the nearest Egypt (imported seed) at 25 °C. The lowest value (5.14) for acid number determination is in the black cumin fixed oil sample purchased from the market. In the saponification number determination, the highest data (62.50) was recorded in Egypt (imported seed) black cumin fixed oil. The peroxide number was recorded in the fixed oil of Çorum (native seed) (245.81). Looking at the GC-MS (Gas chromatography-Mass spectroscopy) analysis results, the lowest oleic acid percentage (free acidity percentage) was measured in Çorum (native seed) black cumin fixed oil (25.89%). Considering the results of the analysis, it was concluded that Çorum (local seed) and Egypt (imported seed) black cumin oils should be preferred among the black cumin oils sold in the market, and that if local seed production and oil extraction are supported, it will be more beneficial in terms of both economy and health.
LOCAL AND IMPORTED BLACK CUMIN CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF (Nigella sativa L.) OIL SUMMARY Nigella sativa (Nigella) is a plant species belonging to the Ranunculaceae family. It is known for its health benefits. Since ancient civilizations, the oil obtained from its seeds has been used for high fever, throat infections and skin disorders. Recent studies have shown that black cumin seeds contain chemical components (thymoquinone, thymol, limonene, carvacrol, p-cymene, alpha-pinene, 4-terpineol, longifolin and t-anethole benzene) and have antioxidant, antiallergenic and anticarcinogenic effects. We can see that black cumin seeds are also used to decorate bakery products in our daily life. In the study, fixed oil was obtained from imported seeds brought from abroad (Egypt) and from domestically grown seeds (Çorum) by cold pressing method with a cold press machine. The black cumin oil sample, which is sold in the market and obtained by cold pressing method, was obtained from Bursa. In addition to domestic and international fixed seed oils, chemical components and some physical properties of packaged cold-pressed black cumin oils sold in the market were analyzed (refractive index determination, specific gravity determination, acid number determination, saponification number determination, peroxide number determination and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy). determination) was characterized. In terms of refractive index values, Egypt (imported seed) fixed oil was the sample found at 20 °C (1.47). Specific gravity determination results were found in the nearest Egypt (imported seed) at 25 °C. The lowest value (5.14) for acid number determination is in the black cumin fixed oil sample purchased from the market. In the saponification number determination, the highest data (62.50) was recorded in Egypt (imported seed) black cumin fixed oil. The peroxide number was recorded in the fixed oil of Çorum (native seed) (245.81). Looking at the GC-MS (Gas chromatography-Mass spectroscopy) analysis results, the lowest oleic acid percentage (free acidity percentage) was measured in Çorum (native seed) black cumin fixed oil (25.89%). Considering the results of the analysis, it was concluded that Çorum (local seed) and Egypt (imported seed) black cumin oils should be preferred among the black cumin oils sold in the market, and that if local seed production and oil extraction are supported, it will be more beneficial in terms of both economy and health.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Nigella sativa L., Çörek otu, Sabit yağ, Fitokimyasal özellikler, Black cumin, Fixed oil, Phytochemical properties
