Tarımsal atık katkılı PLA esaslı yeşil kompozitlerin üretilmesi vekarakterizasyonu
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Bursa Teknik Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Büyük çoğunluğu petrol türevli olan polimerler, ambalaj endüstrisinde tüketim ömürlerini tamamladıktan sonra çevre ortamlarında atık haline gelmektedir. Petrol esaslı polimerlerin bozunmaya uğramadıkları ve çevreye zarar verdikleri bilinmektedir. Ortaya çıkan bu sorun günümüzde yenilenebilir kaynaklardan elde edilen biyo esaslı, biyobozunur ve çevreci polimerlere yönelinmesine neden olmuştur. Biyopolimerler, biyouyumluluk ve biyobozunurluk özelliklerinin yanı sıra fiziksel ve mekanik davranışları sebebiyle biyomedikal, ambalaj ve otomotiv endüstrisinde petrol esaslı polimerlere alternatif olarak kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Polilaktik asit (PLA), birçok uygulama alanında tercih edilen yüksek çekme dayanımı ve sertliği, iyi biyobozunurluğu, kolay işlenebilirliği ile petrol esaslı polimerler ile kıyaslanabilir özelliklere sahip olan alifatik bir polyesterdir. Ayrıca PLA'nın yüksek şeffaflığa ve iyi mekanik özelliklere sahip olması onun tercih edilebilirliğini arttırmaktadır. Fakat bu özelliklerinin dışında petrol türevli polimerlere kıyasla düşük termal stabilite, yüksek kırılganlık ve zayıf bariyer özellikleri gibi bazı dezavantajlara sahip olması onun özelliklerinin geliştirilmesi ihtiyacını doğurmaktadır. Bu tez çalışmasında, Artvin ve Bursa bölgelerinden temin edilen sırasıyla sarıçam ve kestane kabukları öğütülerek toz haline getirilmiş olup, farklı oranlarda PLA'ya ilave edilerek çözelti döküm yöntemi ile yeşil kompozit ambalaj filmlerinin üretimi ve karakterizasyonu amaçlanmıştır. Saf PLA çözeltisi ve ağırlıkça %0.25, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, 10 oranlarında sarıçam veya kestane kabuğu tozları PLA çözücüsüne katkılandırılarak elde edilen kompozit çözelti petri kaplarına dökülmüş ve 30 oC'de 72 saat bekletilerek saf PLA ve kompozit ambalaj filmleri elde edilmiştir. Oluşturulan filmlerin karakterizasyon testleri yapılarak sonuçlar değerlendirilmiştir. Kalınlık ölçümleri sarıçam ve kestane kabuğu tozu katkısının PLA esaslı yeşil kompozit filmlerin kalınlığını artırdığı görülmüştür. Taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) analizi sonucunda, kompozit filmlerde katkıların varlığı tespit edilmiştir. Mekanik test sonuçları incelendiğinde, PLA esaslı yeşil kompozitlerin mekanik özelliklerinin saf PLA'ya kıyasla azaldığı belirlenmiştir.
Polymers, the majority of which are petroleum-derived, become waste in the environmental environment after completing their consumption life in the packaging industry. It is known that petroleum-based polymers do not decompose and harm the environment. This emerging problem has led to the tendency towards bio-based, biodegradable and environmentally friendly polymers obtained from renewable resources. Biopolymers have started to be used as an alternative to petroleum-based polymers in the biomedical, packaging and automotive industries due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability properties as well as their physical and mechanical behavior. Polylactic acid (PLA) is an aliphatic polyester preferred in many application areas, with high tensile strength and hardness, good biodegradability, easy processability, and comparable properties with petroleum-based polymers. In addition, the high transparency and good mechanical properties of PLA increase its preferability. However, apart from these properties, it has some disadvantages such as low thermal stability, high brittleness and weak barrier properties compared to petroleum-derived polymers, which necessitates the improvement of its properties. In this thesis, it was aimed to produce and characterize green composite packaging films by solution casting method by grinding scotch pine and chestnut shells obtained from Artvin and Bursa regions, respectively, by grinding them into powder. Pure PLA solution and composite solution obtained by adding 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, 10 wt% scotch pine or chestnut bark powders to PLA solvent were poured into petri dishes and kept at 30 oC for 72 hours to obtain pure PLA and composite packaging films. Characterization tests of the films were made and the results were evaluated. Thickness measurements showed that scotch pine and chestnut bark powder additive increased the thickness of PLA-based green composite films. As a result of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, the presence of additives in composite films was determined. When the mechanical test results were examined, it was determined that the mechanical properties of PLA-based green composites decreased compared to pure PLA.
Polymers, the majority of which are petroleum-derived, become waste in the environmental environment after completing their consumption life in the packaging industry. It is known that petroleum-based polymers do not decompose and harm the environment. This emerging problem has led to the tendency towards bio-based, biodegradable and environmentally friendly polymers obtained from renewable resources. Biopolymers have started to be used as an alternative to petroleum-based polymers in the biomedical, packaging and automotive industries due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability properties as well as their physical and mechanical behavior. Polylactic acid (PLA) is an aliphatic polyester preferred in many application areas, with high tensile strength and hardness, good biodegradability, easy processability, and comparable properties with petroleum-based polymers. In addition, the high transparency and good mechanical properties of PLA increase its preferability. However, apart from these properties, it has some disadvantages such as low thermal stability, high brittleness and weak barrier properties compared to petroleum-derived polymers, which necessitates the improvement of its properties. In this thesis, it was aimed to produce and characterize green composite packaging films by solution casting method by grinding scotch pine and chestnut shells obtained from Artvin and Bursa regions, respectively, by grinding them into powder. Pure PLA solution and composite solution obtained by adding 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, 10 wt% scotch pine or chestnut bark powders to PLA solvent were poured into petri dishes and kept at 30 oC for 72 hours to obtain pure PLA and composite packaging films. Characterization tests of the films were made and the results were evaluated. Thickness measurements showed that scotch pine and chestnut bark powder additive increased the thickness of PLA-based green composite films. As a result of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, the presence of additives in composite films was determined. When the mechanical test results were examined, it was determined that the mechanical properties of PLA-based green composites decreased compared to pure PLA.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
PLA, Sarıçam, Kestane kabuğu, Ambalaj, Yeşil Kompozit, Scotch Pine, Chestnut bark, Packaging, Green Composite
