Deniz yolu ile taşınan yüklerin dış ticaretinde liman hizmetlerinin yeterliliğinin değerlendirilmesi: Ambarlı Limanı örneği
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2024
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Bursa Teknik Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Dünyada küresel mal ve hizmet ticareti gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Bu artış, ulaşım ve lojistik faaliyetlerine de yansımaktadır. Ulaştırma sektöründe deniz yolu taşımacılığının payı oldukça yüksektir. Deniz taşımacılığı, daha çok uluslararası ticarette tercih edilmektedir. Deniz yolu taşımacılığının en önemli bileşenlerinden biri limanlardır. Limanlar, ticaretin ve ülke ekonomilerinin gelişmesi açısından önemli görevler üstlenmektedir. Liman işletmeleri ve limanlarda sunulan hizmetler, deniz taşımacılığının kilit unsurlarından biridir. Bu nedenle bu alana yönelik çalışmalar büyük önem taşımaktadır. Çalışma, deniz yoluyla yapılan dış ticaret sürecinde liman hizmetlerinin yeterliliğinin değerlendirilmesini ve bu işlemlerin yapılması sırasında yaşanan aksaklıkların tespit edilmesini amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, Ambarlı Liman Başkanlığı bünyesinde faaliyet gösteren konteyner limanı işletmeleri seçilmiştir. Yapılan çalışmada katılımcı olarak liman işletmelerinde aktif olarak çalışan ve en az 15 yıl iş tecrübesi olan orta ve üst düzey yöneticiler tercih edilmiştir. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemi tercih edilmiştir. Örnekleme yöntemi olarak seçkisiz olmayan örnekleme yöntemlerinden amaçlı örnekleme, amaçlı örneklem yöntemlerinden de ölçüt örnekleme tercih edilmiştir. Bu yöntem sayesinde, daha bilgili ve deneyimli katılımcılar seçilmekte, araştırma konusu derinlemesine incelenebilmektedir. Veri toplama aracı olarak 9 ana temaya yönelik sorulardan ve notlar bölümünden oluşan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Katılımcılarla yapılan görüşmelerde not alma yöntemiyle kayıt altına alınan veriler elektronik ortama aktarılmıştır. Veri toplama süreci sonunda elde edilen veriler betimsel analiz ve içerik analizi yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre gemiye sunulan hizmetlerden bazılarının liman işletmeleri tarafından sunulmadığı belirlenmiştir. Bu hizmetlerin sunulması sırasında en sık doğa olayları, iş yoğunluğu, kazalar ve belge eksiklikleri nedeniyle işlemlerin aksadığı tespit edilmiştir. Yüke sunulan hizmetlerden yükleme, tahliye, aktarma, bağlama-çözme, kilitleme, gümrükleme, elleçleme, terminal, ardiye hizmetlerinin liman işletmelerinde sunulduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu işlemlerin sunulması sırasında en sık karşılaşılan sorunların iş yoğunluğuna bağlı gecikmeler, belgelerle ilgili sorunlar, arızalar, kazalar, gümrük işlem sürecinin uzun sürmesi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. İdari hizmetlerin liman bölgesinde sınırlı olarak sunulabildiği belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın notlar bölümünde ise diğer aksaklıklar olarak liman bölgesinde oluşan trafik yoğunluğu, liman bölgesindeki kara yolu altyapısının yetersizliği, gümrük işlemlerinin ve bürokratik işlemlerin uzun sürmesi, liman bölgesinde demir yolu bağlantısının olmaması, liman çevresindeki yoğun kentleşme sonucu limanın genişleyecek alanının sınırlı olması olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Global trade in goods and services in the world is increasing day by day. This increase is also reflected in transportation and logistics activities. The share of maritime transportation in the transportation sector is quite high. Sea transportation is mostly preferred in international trade. One of the most important components of maritime transportation is ports. Ports undertake important duties in terms of the development of trade and national economies. Port operations and the services offered in ports are one of the key elements of maritime transportation. Therefore, studies in this field are of great importance. The study aims to evaluate the adequacy of port services in the foreign trade process by sea and to identify the disruptions experienced during these transactions. For this purpose, container port enterprises operating within Ambarlı Port Authority were selected. In the study, middle and senior level managers who were actively working in port enterprises and had at least 15 years of work experience were preferred as participants. Qualitative research method was preferred in the study. Purposive sampling, which is one of the non-random sampling methods, and criterion sampling, which is one of the purposeful sampling methods, were preferred as the sampling method. A semi-structured interview form consisting of 9 main themes and a notes section was used as a data collection tool. The data recorded through note-taking during the interviews with the participants was transferred to the electronic environment. The data obtained at the end of the data collection process was analyzed using descriptive analysis and content analysis methods. The According to the findings of the study, it was determined that some of the services offered to the ship were not offered by port operators. It has been determined that during the provision of these services, the transactions are most frequently disrupted due to natural events, workload, accidents and document deficiencies. It has been determined that among the services offered to cargo, loading, unloading, transfer, lashing-untying, locking, customs clearance, handling, terminal and storage services are offered in port enterprises. It has been determined that the most common problems during the presentation of these transactions are delays due to workload, problems with documents, malfunctions, accidents, and the long duration of the customs clearance process. It has been determined that administrative services can be provided to a limited extent in the port area. In the notes section of the study, it was determined that other problems were the traffic congestion in the port area, the inadequacy of the road infrastructure in the port area, the long duration of customs and bureaucratic procedures, the lack of railway connection in the port area, and the limited expansion area of the port as a result of intense urbanization around the port.
Global trade in goods and services in the world is increasing day by day. This increase is also reflected in transportation and logistics activities. The share of maritime transportation in the transportation sector is quite high. Sea transportation is mostly preferred in international trade. One of the most important components of maritime transportation is ports. Ports undertake important duties in terms of the development of trade and national economies. Port operations and the services offered in ports are one of the key elements of maritime transportation. Therefore, studies in this field are of great importance. The study aims to evaluate the adequacy of port services in the foreign trade process by sea and to identify the disruptions experienced during these transactions. For this purpose, container port enterprises operating within Ambarlı Port Authority were selected. In the study, middle and senior level managers who were actively working in port enterprises and had at least 15 years of work experience were preferred as participants. Qualitative research method was preferred in the study. Purposive sampling, which is one of the non-random sampling methods, and criterion sampling, which is one of the purposeful sampling methods, were preferred as the sampling method. A semi-structured interview form consisting of 9 main themes and a notes section was used as a data collection tool. The data recorded through note-taking during the interviews with the participants was transferred to the electronic environment. The data obtained at the end of the data collection process was analyzed using descriptive analysis and content analysis methods. The According to the findings of the study, it was determined that some of the services offered to the ship were not offered by port operators. It has been determined that during the provision of these services, the transactions are most frequently disrupted due to natural events, workload, accidents and document deficiencies. It has been determined that among the services offered to cargo, loading, unloading, transfer, lashing-untying, locking, customs clearance, handling, terminal and storage services are offered in port enterprises. It has been determined that the most common problems during the presentation of these transactions are delays due to workload, problems with documents, malfunctions, accidents, and the long duration of the customs clearance process. It has been determined that administrative services can be provided to a limited extent in the port area. In the notes section of the study, it was determined that other problems were the traffic congestion in the port area, the inadequacy of the road infrastructure in the port area, the long duration of customs and bureaucratic procedures, the lack of railway connection in the port area, and the limited expansion area of the port as a result of intense urbanization around the port.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Transportation, Uluslararası Ticaret, Ulaşım, International Trade, Sea trade, Uluslararası deniz taşımacılığı, International maritime transport, Uluslararası ticaret, International trade, Deniz ticareti
