Ekonomi politik: Tarih, teori ve kavram
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2021
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Bursa Teknik Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Aristoteles'in görüşleri ile başlayan ekonomi tarihi, günümüzde de güncel konuların arasındaki yerini korumaktadır. Antik çağlarda bir ailenin geçimi noktasında anlamlandırılan ekonomi, çağlar boyunca değişim ve dönüşümlere uğrayarak gelişimini sürdürmüştür. İnsanların toplumsal hayata geçişi ile devlet nizamına olan ihtiyaç doğmuş ve bunun sonucu olarak insanların, belli yasalar çerçevesinde hareket etmeleri sağlanmıştır. Ekonomi politik; insanlarla insanlar, insanlarla kurumlar, insanlarla nesneler arasında oluşan her türlü ilişkiyi inceleyen bir bilim dalı olarak ele alınmıştır. Ekonomi bilimi açısından belli bir dönemi ve klasik iktisadı ifade eden kavram, ekonominin matematikselleşme sürecine kadar politik kavramıyla beraber kullanılmıştır. Tarihsel süreçte ekonomi ve politika arasındaki ilişkilere ve gerilimlere kaynaklık eden ekonomi politik kavramı, ekonominin görece erken bir dönemde bağımsızlaşmasıyla birlikte bazı tartışmalara yol açmıştır. Tezde öncelikle ekonomi politik kavramının kavramsallaşma süreci ele alınmış ve bu bağlamda kavramın tarihi kısaca anlatılmış, ardından konuyla ilgili temel kavram ve tanımların analizine geçilmiştir. Ekonomi politiğin temel kavramları emek-değer, somut ile soyut emek ayrımı, üretim, sermaye, mülk, sınıf, adil fiyat, meta ve artı-değer kavramlarıdır. Bu kavramlar açıklığa kavuşturulmadan, ekonomi politik ile ilgili açıklamalar yetersiz kalacaktır. Bu kavramların ortaya çıkışına belli başlı teoriler kaynaklık etmiştir. Bu teoriler; kısaca feodalizm, merkantilizm, fizyokrasi, liberalizm, sosyalizm ve kapitalizmdir. Tarihsel süreçte Aristotelesçi ekonomiden, ekonomi politiğe bir geçiş yaşanmıştır. Ekonomi matematiksel olarak bir bilim dalına dönüşerek politikten ayrılmış, Aristo ekonomisinden farklı bir ekonomi bilimi doğmuştur. İnsanın ve toplumun sosyolojik, ekonomik ve politik yönleri birbiri ile ilişkili olduğundan, ekonomik problemlere salt matematiksel çözüm aranması yetersiz kalmaktadır. Bu nedenle ekonomi politiğe yeniden dönüşe ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Tezde ilgili kavramın tarihsel süreçteki evrimi incelenirken, İslam düşünce geleneğindeki izlerine de yer verilmeye çalışılmıştır.
The history of economics, which started with the views of Aristotle, maintains its place among the current issues today. The economy, which was interpreted as a means of living for a family in ancient times, continued its development by undergoing changes and transformations throughout the ages. With the transition of people to social life, the need for state regulation arose and as a result, people were enabled to act within the framework of certain laws. Political economy has been considered as a branch of science that examines all kinds of relations between people and people, between people and institutions, and between people and objects. The concept, which expresses a certain period and classical economics in terms of economics, was used together with the concept of politics until the mathematization process of the economy. The concept of political economy, which has been the source of the relations and tensions between economy and politics in the historical process, has led to some debates with the relatively early independence of the economy. In the thesis, first of all, the conceptualization process of the concept of political economy was discussed and in this context, the history of the concept was briefly explained, then the analysis of the basic concepts and definitions related to the subject was started. The basic concepts of political economy are labor-value, distinction between concrete and abstract labor, production, capital, property, class, fair price, commodity and surplus-value. Without clarification of these concepts, explanations about political economy will be insufficient. The emergence of these concepts has been the source of certain theories. These theories are briefly feudalism, mercantilism, physiocracy, liberalism, socialism and capitalism. In the historical process, there has been a transition from Aristotelian economy to political economy. Economics turned into a branch of science mathematically separated from politic, and different science of economics emerged from Aristotelian economics. Since the sociological, economic and political aspects of people and community are associated with each other, it is insufficient to seek absolute mathematical solutions to economic problems. For this reason, a return to political economy is needed. While examining the evolution of the related concept in the historical process in the thesis, it has been tried to include its traces in the tradition of Islamic thought.
The history of economics, which started with the views of Aristotle, maintains its place among the current issues today. The economy, which was interpreted as a means of living for a family in ancient times, continued its development by undergoing changes and transformations throughout the ages. With the transition of people to social life, the need for state regulation arose and as a result, people were enabled to act within the framework of certain laws. Political economy has been considered as a branch of science that examines all kinds of relations between people and people, between people and institutions, and between people and objects. The concept, which expresses a certain period and classical economics in terms of economics, was used together with the concept of politics until the mathematization process of the economy. The concept of political economy, which has been the source of the relations and tensions between economy and politics in the historical process, has led to some debates with the relatively early independence of the economy. In the thesis, first of all, the conceptualization process of the concept of political economy was discussed and in this context, the history of the concept was briefly explained, then the analysis of the basic concepts and definitions related to the subject was started. The basic concepts of political economy are labor-value, distinction between concrete and abstract labor, production, capital, property, class, fair price, commodity and surplus-value. Without clarification of these concepts, explanations about political economy will be insufficient. The emergence of these concepts has been the source of certain theories. These theories are briefly feudalism, mercantilism, physiocracy, liberalism, socialism and capitalism. In the historical process, there has been a transition from Aristotelian economy to political economy. Economics turned into a branch of science mathematically separated from politic, and different science of economics emerged from Aristotelian economics. Since the sociological, economic and political aspects of people and community are associated with each other, it is insufficient to seek absolute mathematical solutions to economic problems. For this reason, a return to political economy is needed. While examining the evolution of the related concept in the historical process in the thesis, it has been tried to include its traces in the tradition of Islamic thought.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Value factor, Ekonomi, Economy, Ekonomi politikaları, Economic policies, Emek, Labour, Mülk, Property, Siyasal ekonomi, Political economics, Teori, Theory, İdeoloji, Ideology, Değer faktörü
