Elektrikli araç batarya kutusunun optimum tasarımı
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
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Yayıncı
Bursa Teknik Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Son yıllarda elektrikli araçların kullanımlarının artması otomotiv sektöründe yeni gelişmeleri de beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu gelişmelerden birisi de batarya güvenliğidir. Batarya kutuları, pilleri muhafaza ile üstlendikleri rolden dolayı önemli bir elektrikli araç yapısal unsurudur. Elektrikli araçlarda pil paketleri genellikle lityum iyon pillerden oluştuğu için yapısı gereği darbe ya da diğer istenmeyen durumlarda patlama eğilimleri yüksektir. Bu nedenle batarya kutusunun kaza anında pil paketlerini en yüksek seviyede korumaları beklenir. Bu tez çalışması kapsamında, literatürdeki batarya kutularından esinlenerek tasarımı yapılan batarya kutusunun çarpışma dayanımını artıracak şekilde optimum tasarım yapılmıştır. Uluslararası çarpışma test normlarına uygun olarak hazırlanan çarpışma senaryoları ile sonlu elemanlar yöntemi kullanılarak analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tasarımı yapılan batarya kutusu ön-yan duvar kirişleri, destek kirişleri ve alt üst plaka olmak üzere üç bölüm olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Batarya kutusunda dayanımı artırmak için dolgu malzemesi olarak çok hücreli yapılar ve alüminyum köpük malzemeleri incelenmiştir. Alüminyum köpük malzemeleri yapısı gereği düşük yoğunlukta olmasına rağmen mukavemeti yüksek yapılardır. Yapılan kıyaslama analizleri sonucunda köpük malzemelerin dolgu malzemesi olarak kullanılmasına karar verilmiştir. Gerçek bir aracın boyutlarına uygun olarak tasarlanan temel batarya kutusunun ağırlığını minimum seviyede tutarken çarpışma esnasında emdiği enerjiyi arttırmak amacıyla yedi farklı tasarım değişkeni belirlenmiş ve optimizasyon çalışması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deney tasarımı Latin Hiperküp Örneklemesi (LHS) kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. LHS ile elde edilen 48 örneklemin analizleri koşturulmuş ve elde edilen veriler ışığında Adaptif Yüzey Yanıt Yöntemi (ASRM) kullanılarak optimizasyon çalışması tamamlanmıştır. Sonuç olarak yandan direğe çarpışma durumu için batarya kutusunun kütlesi minimum seviyede tutulurken enerji emilimi değeri maksimize edilmiştir.
The increase in the use of electric vehicles in recent years has accompanied new developments in the automotive industry. One of these developments is battery safety. Battery boxes are an important electric vehicle structural element due to the role they play in preserving the batteries. Since battery packs in electric vehicles generally consist of lithium-ion batteries, they have a high tendency to explode due to impact or other undesirable situations. Therefore, the battery pack is expected to protect the battery packs at the highest level in the event of an accident. In this thesis, an optimum design was determined to increase the crashworthiness of the battery box, which was designed inspired by the battery boxes in the literature. Analyzes were carried out using the finite element method with crash scenarios prepared in accordance with international crash test norms. The designed battery box has been evaluated as three sections: front-side wall beams, support beams and lower and upper plate. Multi-cell structures and aluminum foam materials were investigated as filling materials in order to increase the strength of the battery box. Although aluminum foam materials have low density due to their structure, they are high-strength structures. As a result of the comparative analysis, it was decided to use foam materials as filling material. Seven different design variables were determined and optimization studies were carried out in order to increase the energy absorbed in the event of a collision while keeping at minimum the weight of the basic battery box, which is designed in accordance with the dimensions of a real vehicle. Design of experiments was carried out using Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS). Analyzes of 48 samples obtained with LHS were run and the optimization study was completed using the Adaptive Surface Response Method (ASRM) in the light of the obtained data. As a result, the mass of the battery pack is kept to a minimum for the side-to-mast collision, while the energy absorption value is maximized.
The increase in the use of electric vehicles in recent years has accompanied new developments in the automotive industry. One of these developments is battery safety. Battery boxes are an important electric vehicle structural element due to the role they play in preserving the batteries. Since battery packs in electric vehicles generally consist of lithium-ion batteries, they have a high tendency to explode due to impact or other undesirable situations. Therefore, the battery pack is expected to protect the battery packs at the highest level in the event of an accident. In this thesis, an optimum design was determined to increase the crashworthiness of the battery box, which was designed inspired by the battery boxes in the literature. Analyzes were carried out using the finite element method with crash scenarios prepared in accordance with international crash test norms. The designed battery box has been evaluated as three sections: front-side wall beams, support beams and lower and upper plate. Multi-cell structures and aluminum foam materials were investigated as filling materials in order to increase the strength of the battery box. Although aluminum foam materials have low density due to their structure, they are high-strength structures. As a result of the comparative analysis, it was decided to use foam materials as filling material. Seven different design variables were determined and optimization studies were carried out in order to increase the energy absorbed in the event of a collision while keeping at minimum the weight of the basic battery box, which is designed in accordance with the dimensions of a real vehicle. Design of experiments was carried out using Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS). Analyzes of 48 samples obtained with LHS were run and the optimization study was completed using the Adaptive Surface Response Method (ASRM) in the light of the obtained data. As a result, the mass of the battery pack is kept to a minimum for the side-to-mast collision, while the energy absorption value is maximized.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Batarya, Battery, Elektrikli araçlar, Electric vehicles, Enerji emilimi, Energy absorption, Optimizasyon, Optimization, Çarpışma, Collision
