Bölgesel güç arayışında devrim sonrası İran'ın asimetrik güç kapasitesi ve güvenlik stratejisi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
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Yayıncı
Bursa Teknik Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışmada, İran'ın İslam devrimi sonrası bölgesel rekabetinde savunma ve güvenlik stratejisinin temelini oluşturan asimetrik güç kapasitesi yapılacak araştırmalar neticesinde elde edilen nitel bulgularla irdelenecektir. İran'ın son dönemlerde çokça üzerinde durduğu bu asimetrik güç unsurlarının dış politika yapımına ve bölgesindeki nüfuzuna katkı sağlayıp sağlamadığı, çalışmanın temel sorunsalını oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışma alanının belirlenmesindeki temel amaç ise Türkiye'de yapılan araştırmaların sınırlı kalması ve özellikle asimetrik güç unsurlarının İran dış politika yapımındaki etkisine dair çalışmaların bütüncül bir şekilde ele alınamamasıdır. Yapılan araştırmalar sonucu ortaya çıkan tabloda asimetrik güç kapasitesinin varlığı ve düzensiz savaş taktiklerinin, İran hedef coğrafyasında yapıcı bir etki sunduğu gözlemlenmiştir. 1979 yılında Ayetullah Humeyni liderliğinde gerçekleşen İslam devrimiyle beraber savunma ve güvenlik alanında önemli reformlar yapılmıştır. Humeyni öncesi İran askeri gücü büyük oranda tasfiye edilmiş ve yerine devrim rehberine bağlı Devrim Muhafızları Ordusu (DMO) kurulmuştur. Günümüz İran güvenlik politikasının şekillenmesinde de DMO önemli bir yere sahiptir. Öte yandan 1990'lı yılların başında ve Irak savaşından hemen sonra İran, Ortadoğu'daki mücadelesinde yeni bir konsepte gitmiş ve bu minvalde savunma ve güvenlik stratejisini de revize etmiştir. Uzun süre yaşanan savaş neticesinde gerek İran gerekse de Irak istenilen sonuca ulaşamamış ve büyük bir insan kaynağı ve fiziki tahribata maruz kalmıştır. Gelinen bu süreçte İran yaşanan bu savaştan büyük ders çıkararak savunma stratejisini gözden geçirmiştir. Bu doğrultuda İran askeri gücünde gayri nizami taktik ve unsurlara İran bürokrasisinin ciddi yatırımlar yaptığı gözlemlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak İran, özellikle Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nin (ABD) 2003'teki Irak işgalinden sonra bölgede Şii asimetrik güç unsurlarını destekleyerek günümüz Irak siyasetinde söz sahibi olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Yine Suriye'de de 2011 yılından bugüne benzer konseptte bir politika izlediği elde edilen bulgular neticesinde teyit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada da İran'ın ana karadaki gayri nizami askeri faaliyetleri mercek altına alınarak Suriye ve Irak'taki etki kapasitesi incelenmiştir.
In this study, the asymmetrical power capacity, which forms the basis of the defense and security strategy of the Iran in the regional competition after the Islamic revolution, will be examined with the qualitative findings obtained as a result of the researches. The main problematic of the study is whether these asymmetrical power elements, which Iran has focused on recently, contribute to its foreign policy making and its influence in the region. The main purpose of determining this field of study is that the research conducted in Türkiye is limited and in particular, studies on the impact of asymmetric power elements on Iranian foreign policy making cannot be considered in a holistic manner. In the table that emerged as a result of the researches, it was observed that the presence of asymmetrical power capacity and irregular warfare tactics had a constructive effect in the target geography of Iran. With the Islamic revolution led by Ayatollah Khomeini in 1979, important reforms were made in the field of defense and security. Before Khomeini, the Iranian military power was largely liquidated and the Iran Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC), affiliated to the revolutionary guide, was established. IRGC has an important place in shaping today's Iranian security policy. On the other hand, at the beginning of the 1990s and right after the Iraq war, Iran went to a new concept in its struggle in the Middle East and revised its defense and security strategy in this direction. As a result of the long war, both Iran and Iraq could not reach the desired result and were exposed to a great human resource and physical destruction. In this process, Iran has taken great lessons from this war and reviewed its defense strategy. In this direction, it has been observed that the Iranian bureaucracy has made serious investments in unconventional tactics and elements in the Iranian military power. As a result, it has been observed that Iran has a say in today's Iraqi politics by supporting the Shiite asymmetrical power elements in the region, especially after the United States of America (USA) invasion of Iraq in 2003. It has also been confirmed as a result of the findings that it has followed a similar concept in Syria since 2011. In this study, Iran's unconventional military activities in the mainland were examined and its impact capacity in Syria and Iraq was examined.
In this study, the asymmetrical power capacity, which forms the basis of the defense and security strategy of the Iran in the regional competition after the Islamic revolution, will be examined with the qualitative findings obtained as a result of the researches. The main problematic of the study is whether these asymmetrical power elements, which Iran has focused on recently, contribute to its foreign policy making and its influence in the region. The main purpose of determining this field of study is that the research conducted in Türkiye is limited and in particular, studies on the impact of asymmetric power elements on Iranian foreign policy making cannot be considered in a holistic manner. In the table that emerged as a result of the researches, it was observed that the presence of asymmetrical power capacity and irregular warfare tactics had a constructive effect in the target geography of Iran. With the Islamic revolution led by Ayatollah Khomeini in 1979, important reforms were made in the field of defense and security. Before Khomeini, the Iranian military power was largely liquidated and the Iran Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC), affiliated to the revolutionary guide, was established. IRGC has an important place in shaping today's Iranian security policy. On the other hand, at the beginning of the 1990s and right after the Iraq war, Iran went to a new concept in its struggle in the Middle East and revised its defense and security strategy in this direction. As a result of the long war, both Iran and Iraq could not reach the desired result and were exposed to a great human resource and physical destruction. In this process, Iran has taken great lessons from this war and reviewed its defense strategy. In this direction, it has been observed that the Iranian bureaucracy has made serious investments in unconventional tactics and elements in the Iranian military power. As a result, it has been observed that Iran has a say in today's Iraqi politics by supporting the Shiite asymmetrical power elements in the region, especially after the United States of America (USA) invasion of Iraq in 2003. It has also been confirmed as a result of the findings that it has followed a similar concept in Syria since 2011. In this study, Iran's unconventional military activities in the mainland were examined and its impact capacity in Syria and Iraq was examined.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Irregular warfare, Savaş, War, Ulusal güvenlik, National security, Ulusal güvenlik politikası, Iran, İran Devrimi, İran, Iran Revolution
