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    Comparison of active and passive radon survey in cave atmosphere, and estimation of the radon exposed dose equivalents and gamma absorbed dose rates
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2019) Akbulut Özen, Songül; Cevik, Ugur; Taskin, Halim
    Radon (Rn-222) measurements were conducted in the Pileki Cave with Radim 3A Active Radon Monitor equipment. Measurements were also done with the passive sampling method with CR-39 nuclear track detectors by exposing them for three months in the cave. Radon concentrations obtained from the active and passive sampling methods showed that, firstly, the concentrations inside the cave measured by the latter method differed greatly due to high humidity levels up to 88%. The total inside radon exposure dose equivalent people were subjected to was estimated to be 19 mu Sv a(-1) for visitors and 24,065 mu Sv a(-1) for guides. The gamma absorbed dose rates were determined for inside and outside the cave. The dose rates were calculated by means of using the Ra-226, Th-232 and K-40 activity concentrations and by means of real-time measurements. The gamma absorbed dose rates were found to be much higher than the value of 55 nGy h(-1) given by UNSCEAR. In addition, the mineralogical compositions and elemental analyses of samples taken from the cave were determined by XRD and WD-XRF methods.
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    Health risk assessment of soil trace elements using the Sequential Gaussian Simulation approach
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2022) Akbulut Ozen, Songul; Yesilkanat, Cafer Mert; Ozen, Murat; Bassari, Asiye; Taskin, Halim
    In this study, the performance of the Sequential Gaussian Simulation (SGS) approach was studied with the aim of accurately determining local health risk distributions associated with trace elements (V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, and Pb). This study plays a crucial role in determining the distribution of health risk levels, especially from heavy metals. In the SGS approach, health risk levels (non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic) were calculated for pixel sizes of 250 x 250 m(2). Results were compared to the conventional Ordinary Kriging (OK) method. The cross-validation performances of both methods were compared. Non-carcinogenic health risks calculated according to SGS and OK for children were, respectively, rho(c): 0.57 and 0.23, RMSE: 0.45 and 0.57, and MAE: 0.33 and 0.43. In the case of adults, non-carcinogenic SGS and OK results were, respectively, rho(c): 0.53 and 0.24, RMSE: 0.06 and 0.07, and MAE: 0.04 and 0.05 for adults. Carcinogenic health risk estimates obtained by SGS and OK were, respectively, rho(c): 0.72 and 0.31, RMSE: 4.1 x 10(-5) and 5.8 x 10(-5), and MAE: 3.2 x 10(-5) and 4.3 x 10(-5) in the case of children, and in the case of adults the results were, respectively, rho(c): 0.71 and 0.30, RMSE: 5 x 10(-6) and 4.3 x 10(-6), and MAE: 4 x 10(-6) and 5 x 10(-6). These results indicated that SGS offered a more accurate approach in determining health risk distributions.
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    Indoor and outdoor radon measurements at lung cancer patients' homes in the dwellings of Rize Province in Turkey
    (Springer, 2018) Akbulut Özen, Songül; Celik, Necati; Dursun, Emrehan; Taskin, Halim
    In this study, indoor and outdoor radon (Rn-222) surveys were carried out in the summer and winter seasons in homes of one hundred lung cancer patients in the year 2013-2014. The aim was to investigate the relationship between radon and cancer patients. Lung cancer patients completed a questionnaire concerning their living environment, various physical parameters and living habits. Pearson correlation and t tests revealed no meaningful results between radon concentrations, on one hand, and environmental and personal living habits, on the other hand. Consequently, the BEIR VI model was adapted and Rn-222 exposure was estimated to be responsible for about 12% of the lung cancer incidences in the winter season and around 5% in the summer season in the Rize Province. However, due to the limited number of data and numerous parameters that could lead to lung cancer, the estimations done with the model should be taken very lightly. The annual effective doses due to inhalation of indoor and outdoor Rn-222 were estimated to be, respectively, 1.43 and 0.94 mSv y(-1). The indoor and outdoor annual effective doses were, respectively, close and below the world annual effective dose (1.3 mSv y(-1)). At the district level, the indoor annual effective dose equivalent in the A degrees yidere district was 4.52 mSv y(-1), which was 3.5 times greater than the world average. The number of patients in the majority of the houses in this district was more than one.